1. Names of places in dunum or dinum among the Ancient

Briga and, what is perhaps only another form of the same word, Briva, are frequent components of local names throughout the Celtic countries. They are particularly numerous in the names of places in Spain, and according to the observation of M. de Humboldt, especially in parts of Spain in

Possibly the same place.

habited by Celtiberian or Celtic tribes, or under the influence of those nations. We find Arcobriga, Segobriga, and Augustobriga, at no great distance from Numantia, and the same. termination occurs in various parts of Lusitania, and in the north-western parts of the Peninsula.

The following are a few instances occurring in Celtic Gaul, and in other countries where the Celtæ had colonies:

Samarobriva, or Samarobriga, on the river Samara, or the Somme, in Anton. Itin.

In Britain:

1. In Belgic Britain:

Briga, in Belgis, near Venta Belgarum.-Durobrivæ, Durocobrivæ.

2. In the Northern parts, among the ancient Britons : Brigantes, a principal tribe of Britons.—Brigantes, in Ireland.—Isubrigantes.— Bravinium.-2. Brivinium in Ordovicis.

The above examples belonging to each particular word in Britain are comparatively few, but they bear a very large proportion to the whole number of local names on this island, which contained by no means so many towns or cities, in reference to its extent, as Gaul.

Besides the preceding words, which are of most frequent occurrence in the topographical nomenclatures of the countries

compared, there are others which though not so numerous may be looked upon as almost equally characteristic of Celtic habitation, and among them we find the same terms appropriated by nations of all the different divisions of the Celtic family.

SEGO or SEGE.-Names of Places or of Tribes beginning with Sego, Sege.

In Spain :

Segobriga, of the Edetani in Tarraconensis.-Segobriga, of the Celtiberians.— Segontia, of the Arevaci in Tarraconensis.—Segontia of the Celtiberi.—Segessamo and Saguntia, two cities in Spain.-Saguntum, of the Edetani.-Segienses, Segeda.

In Celtic Gaul:

Segovellauni, Segalauni, in Gall. Narbon.-Segodunum, Ratenor. in Aquitan. -Segone, the Saone.-Segobodium, in Sequanis.-Segobrigii, in Southern Gaul.-Segustero, Sisteron, (Mannert).-Segusium, Piedmont, near the Ligurian. Segusiani, near Mons Cemmenus.

In Britain, Germany, and Belgica:

Segontium, i. e. Caer Segent, Silcester, in Belgic Britain.-Segontiaci, the tribe. -Segedunum, in Britain.-Segelocum, of the Coritani, in Britain. Itin. Antonin. --Segontium, near Anglesea.-Segodunum, near Cologne.-Segeste, Segestice, in Pannonia.-Seguacatum, in Germany.

EBURO, EBOR.

In Spain :

Eburobritium, (Alcobaza,) in Lusitania.-Ebora, several towns in Spain, e. g. Ebora on the Anas.

In Celtic Gaul:

Eborica, town of the Aulerci-Eburovices also called Eburones, Eburovices, and ECoupaιkot.-Eburovix, their chieftain.-Eborodunum Caturigum. Eπε6ρodoνvov in Gall. Narbon.-Eburobrica, Gall. Lugdun.-Eborolacum, G. Aquitan.-Eporadia in the Cisalpine.

In Belgica:

Eburones.

In Britain:

Eboracum.-Caer Eborauc.-York.

TRI, TRE, TREV.

In Celtica:

Tricasteni, Tricassii, Tricovii.-Tridentum.-Tricorii, near the Vocontii, in

Provence.

In Belgica:

Treviri.-Tribocci.

In Britain:

Trinobantes.-Trisanton fl. near Southampton.

NEMO, or NEMETO.

Nemeto-briga, Tiburi in Asturia.-Nemanturissa, Spain.-NEμeraroι, Hispan. Tarracon.

In Celtic Gaul:

Nemausus Colonia, Tectosages Arecomici Nismes.-Nemeturici, in Alpibus. Plin. 3. 20.-Nemossus, or Augustonemetum, (Strab. 4.) in Arvernis,

Clermont.-Vernemetum.

In Belgica:

Nemetacum, Atrebates.-Nemetæ, in Belgica, near Speyer.

In Britain:

Verno-nemetum, Willoughby-on-the-Wold. MEDIOLANUM or LANIUM.

Mediolanum or Mediolanium, Insubria, in Gall. Cisalp. Milan.-Mediolanium Santonum, Xantonge, in Celtica.-Mediolanium, in Biturig. Cub.-Mediolanium, Aulerci-Eburaici.—Mediolanium, in Germania Prima.—Mediolanium Ordovicum, in North Wales. Two towns of this name in Britain, according to Baxter.-Diefenbach, 328.

NANT.

Nannetes, in Britanny, Nantes.-Nantuates, Nantueil.-Nantuacum, Nantue in Burgundy.

VENTA.

In Britain:

Venta Belgarum, Venta Silurum, Winchester, Caerwent, in the province of Gwent. -Venta Simenorum.-(Ptol. 34.)—Norfolk.

In Gaul:

Veneti, in Armorica.-Vinduna.-Tauro-ventum, near Toulon. (Mannert, 87.) -Ventia in Allobrog. (Dio. Cass. Mannert, 93.)—Vindulum, on the Rhone, (Strabo.)-Vindomagus, in Narbonensis.

N.B. Here are cognate names in Celtic Gaul and in Britain, both Belgic and Interior.

CON, CAN, CANT.

In Spain:

Canaca, Cantabri, Concana, Contestani, Contrabia.

In Celtic Gaul :

Condate, on the Loire.-Condate, near Lyons.-Condatomagus.-Consoranni, near Toulouse, Cenomani.-Condivincum, in Britanny.-Vocontii, in Nar. bonensis.

In Britain :

Concanguium.-Mancunium, Manchester.-Canonium, near the Thames.-Areconium, in Herefordshire.-Urioconium, Wroxeter.-Veroconium. CAD, CAT, CASS.

Cadurci, in Celtic Gaul.-Cadurinus ager, in Venet. Frioul. hodie Il Cadorino.Caturiges, in Gall. Narb.-Catorimagus, their city.-Catobriga, in Lusitania.

Veneliocassii, in Britanny.-A brincatui, ditto, Avranches.--Beducasses, ditto, Bodiocasses, Bayeux.-Cassinomagus. Lemovices, G. Celt.-Vadicassii, Burgundy.-Tricassii.-Durocassium.-Peut. Tab. c. 6. Durocasses, Ant. Itin.

Dreux.

Caturiacum, Belgica.

RIT, RID.

Augustoritum Pictonum, Poictiers.-Vago-ritum ?-Majoritum.-Aricii. RIC, RIG.

Dariorigum Venetorum, Britanny.-Caturiges, Bituriges, Celtica.-Avaricum. -Bourges.-Mediomatrici.

In Britain:

Durotriges.-Carbanto-rigum.--Rhigodunum.

LAUNUS, LAUNI, LAUN.

Velauni, Celtica Aquitan.-Segelauni, Gall. Narbon.-Landobris, island in Lusitania.-Aavdoria, town of the Galatian Tectosages.-Launi, Alauni, and Benlauni, in Vindelicia and Noricum.-Orolaunum.-Cassi-vellaunus, Caswallon?-Catalauni, in Gall. Belgic.- Catuvellauni, in Britain.-Alauna, Alaunum, Gall. Lugdun.-Alauna of the Damnii, in Caledonia.-Alauna, in Ordovicibus, and many others in Britain.

VIC, VECIS, IC, ECIS.

Lemo-vices.-Branno-vices; Avatici; Narbon. (Mannert, 83.)

In Britain:

Interior, not Belgic; Ordovices.-Gabranto-vici.

ATUM, ATES.

Brivates Portus, Brest.-Atrebates, in Belg.

Note. A great number of particular analogies might be added. Compare, for example, Uxella in Devonshire, and Uxellodunum in Guienne.

SECT. XI.-Results deducible from this comparison. Paragraph 1.—Unity of language throughout the Celtic and Belgic countries.

The first result to which the foregoing comparison of local names leads us is, that one language prevailed through all the countries of which we have surveyed the topographical nomenclature. The amount of evidence which the facts bring out in support of this conclusion may be estimated by referring to some analogous examples. Any person who looks over a map of ancient Palestine, or one of Egypt, in which all the local terms are marked down correctly, would find no difficulty in