Ruddeborne, rudborne (in Saxon, red-water); a river near Saint Albans, famous for the battles there fought between the houses of Lancaster and York. 2 Unauthorized. The imitative verb crool, or something like it, is said to have denoted the sound made by the dove. 3 Mr. Bowles has introduced this line in his Monody, written at Matlock. Whilst hush'd, and by the mace of ruin rent, The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing born, VOL. XV. Thenne (botte the seynctes forbydde!) gif to a spryte [traughte Syrr Rychardes forme ys lyped, I'll holde dys Hys bledeynge claie-colde corse, and die eche daie yun thoughte. ELINOURE. Ah woe bementynge wordes; what wordes can Thou limed ryver, on thie linche maie bleede And Rudborne streeme be Rudborne streeme in- So sayinge, lyke twa levyn-blasted trees, Theie moved gentle oere the dewie mees, THE PARLYAMENTE OF SPRYTES. [From Barrett's History of Bristol. The original in Chatterton's hand-writing is in the British Museum. It was among the most early communications of Chatterton to Mr. Barrett.] A MOST MERRIE ENTYRLUDE, Plaied bie the Carmelyte Freeres at Mastre Canynges hys greete howse, before Mastre Canynges and Byshoppe Carpenterre', on dedicatynge the chyrche of Oure Ladie of Redclefte, hight the Parlyamente of Sprytes. Wroten bie T. Rowleie and J. Iscamme2. Entroductyon bie Queen Mabbe, Whan from the crthe the sonnes hulstred, John Carpenter, bishop of Worcester, who in conjunction with Mr. Canynge, founded the abbey at Westbury. John Iscam, according to Rowley, was a canon of the monastery of Saint Augustine in Bristol. He wrote a dramatic piece called The Pleasaunt Dyscorses of Lamyngeton; also at the desire of Mr. Canynge (Rowley being then collecting of drawings for Mr. Canynge) he translated a Latin piece called Miles Brystolli into English metre, The place of his birth is not known. 3 Straughte, stretched. I think this line is borrowed from a much better one of Rowley's, viz. Like kynge cuppes brasteynge wyth the mornynge dew. The reason why I think Iscam guilty of the plagiary is, that the Songe to Ella, from whence the above line is taken, was wrote when Rowley was in London collecting of drawings for Mr. Canynge to build the church, and Ischam CC Then ryse the sprytes ugsome and rou, Oure sprytes atourne theyr eyone to nyghte, As ys goode Canynge hys chyrche of stone, To Johannes Carpenterre Byshoppe of Worcesterre. (Bie Rowleie.) To you goode Byshoppe, I address mie saie, The sainctes ynne stones so netelie carvelled, sprunge, Tho boddie weak thie soule for ever younge. Thou knowest welle thie conscience free from steyne, Thie soule her rode no sable batements have; Here then to thee let me for one and alle Spryte of Nymrodde speaketh. Soon as the morne but newlie wake, On herre corse dyd dew droppes shake, The rampynge lyon, felle tygere, The bocke that skyppes from place to place, Before mee throughe the greene woode I dyd chace. For rearynge Babelle of greete fame, Mie name and renome shaalle lyven for aie: Geust whych the clowdes dothe not fyghte, Onne whych the starres doe sytte to appearynge: Weeke menne thynke ytte reache the kyngdom of lyghte. O where ys the manne that buylded the same, Fayn woulde I chaunge wyth hym mie name, Spryte of Assyrians syngeth. Whan toe theyre caves aeterne abeste 8, Then menne besprenged alle abroade, But now the Worde of Godde is come, In the folde of hys heavenlie kyngdome. From vowrynge grave, Ande puryfye them heaven were 9. Sprytes of Elle, Bythrycke, Fytz-hardynge, Frampton, Gauntes, Segowen, Lanyngeton, Knyghtes Templars, and Byrtonne. (Bie Rowleie.) Spryte of Bythrycke speeketh. Elle, thie Brystowe is thie onlie care, Thou arte lyke dragonne vyllant of yts gode; Ne lovynge dames toe kynde moe love can bear, Ne Lombardes over golde moe vyllaunt broode. 7 Olyphaunt, elephant. So an ancient anonymous author: The olyphaunt of beastes is For hee alwaie dothe eat Lyttle store of meat. 8 Abeste, according to Rowley, humbled or brought down. And Rowleie saies "thie pryde wrote the above a little before the finishing of the wylle be abeste." Entroductyon to the Entyrchurch. 5" Other than you," &c. Carpenter dedicated the church, as appears by a poem written by Rowley. 6 Rode, complection. I take the meaning of this line to be," The complection of my soul is free from the black marks of sin." lude of the Apostate. 9 Heaven were, heavenward, so Rowley: Not goulde or bighes will bring thee heaven were, Ne kyne or mylkie flockes upon the playne, Ne mannours rych nor banners brave and fayre, Ne wife the sweetest of the erthlie trayne. Entroductyon to the Enterlude of the Apostate. Spryte of Elle speeketh. Swythyn, yee sprytes, forsake the bollen floude, Spryte of Bythrycke speeketh. What wondrous monumente! what pyle ys thys! Were I once moe caste yn a' mortalle frame, Of yon bryghte Moone in foggie mantles dreste, Byrtonne's spryte speeketh. Inne tyltes and turnies was mie dear delyghte, I beare the belle awaie whereer I come. Full gladde am I mie chyrche was pyghten down, shewne Inne the crasd arches and the carvellynge, Spryte of Segowen speeketh. Bestoykynge golde was once myne onlie toie, [telle, I swythyn was upryst wyth feere astounde; Lyke to the Moone wythe starres of lyttle lyghte; and fyre. As stopped ryvers alwaies ryse moe hygher, The pypes maie sounde and bubble forth mie thoughte; Lyke to mie mynde the mynster yreared, Canynge the great, the charytable, and good, Spryte of Framptone speeketh. Brystowe shall speeke mie name, and Radclefte toe, For here mie deeds were goddelye everychone; A verie punelstre or verie scoffe; Spryte of Gaunts speeketh. I dyd fulle manie reparatyons give, And onlie in the wrecke of nature falle. A Knyghte Templars spryte speeketh. In hallie land where Sarasins defyle Maint tenures fayre, ande mannoures of greete Greene woodes, and brooklettes runnynge throughe the lee, Dyd menne us gyve for theyre deare soule her helthe, Gave erthlie ryches for goodes heavenlie. From place to place ytte moveth yttes hie heade: Butte Canynge from the sweate of hys owne browes, Dyd gette hys golde and rayse thys fetyve howse. Lanyngetonnes spryte speeketh. Lette alle mie faultes bee buried Elle's spryte speeketh. Then let us alle do jyntelie reveraunce here, Of the goode shepe hee putteth yn theyre hand; And fyndes hee chose on Erthe a lyfe the beste. THE TOURNAMENT. AN INTERLUDE. [This poem is printed from a copy made by Mr. Fulle nobille is thys kyngelie howse As saynctes for Heaven bee. "Hee ever was fullen of almesdeeds and was of the poore beloved: in m.cc.lxxxv kynge Edwarde kepte hys Chrystmasse at Bryghtstowe and proceeded agaynste the Welchmenne ebroughtenne manye stronge and dowghtee knyghts, amongst who were syrre Ferrars Nevylle, Geoffroie Freeman, Clymar Percie, Heldebrand Gournie, Ralph Mohun, syr Lyster Percie, and Edgare Knyvet, knyghtes of renowne, who established a three days jouste on sayncte Maryes Hylle; syrre Ferrars Nevylle appeared dyghte in ruddy armoure, bearyn a rampaunte lyon gutte de sangue, agaynste hym came syr Gervayse Teysdylle, who bearyd a launce issuynge proper, but was quycklie overthrowen: then appeared Leonarde Ramsay, who had a honde issuante holdeynge a bloudie swerde peercynge a couroune wyth a sheelde peasenue with sylver; he ranne twayne tyltes, but Neville throwen hym on the thy.de rencountre then dyd the aforesayd syrre Symonne de Byrtonne avow that if he overthrowen syrre Ferrars Neville, he would 'This circumstance is proved by our old chronicles under the year 1285. Rex Edw. 1 per Walliam progrediens occidentalem intravit Glamorganciam, quæ ad Comitem Gloveruiæ noscitur pertinore: rex dein Bristolliam veniens festum Dominicæ nativitatis eo anno ibi tenit.-Barrett. there erecte and builde a chyrche to owre Ladye: allgate there stoode anigh Lamyngtonnes Ladies chamber: hee then encountred vygorously, and bore syrre Ferrars horse and man to the grounde, remaynynge konyge, victore knyght of the jouste, ande settynge atte the ryghte honde of k. Edwarde. Inne m.cclxxxxi hee performed hys vowen ybuylden a godelye chyrche from a pattern of St. Oswaldes abbyes chyrcbe, and the day of our Lordes natyvyty m.ccc.i. Gylbert de Sante Leonfardoe byshope of Chychestre dyd dedicate it to the Holie Vyrgynne Marye moder of Godde."] Enter an HERAWDE. THE tournament begynnes; the hammerrs sounde; Quayntyssed fons depicted onn eche sheelde, "In the notes adventayle is interpreted armour, and borne burnish. In this passage there seem to be several mistakes. The transcriber has expressed the former word with a d, adventayle and advantayle: in which, if there be any propriety, he was, I believe, little aware of it. The true spelling is supposed to be aventayle, from the French avant. It was some part of a suit of armour which projected; and this might have been known from Skinner. Aventaile: credo a Franco-Gallico jam obsoleto, aventail; prætentura ferrea: googvidov: ab adverbio avant. A like account is afforded by Du Cange; but neither of them define precisely what piece of armour it was. However from the accounts which are uniformly given of it, we may be assured that it was something which stood forward; and is therefore supposed by Du Cange to be anterior armaturæ pars. In the MSS. of William and the Werwolf, mention is made of the hero seizing upon a person with whom he is engaged in fight, which circumstance is thus described: William thant witli by the aventayle him hente, To have with his swerd swapped of his heade. P. 54 We find that he laid hold of a particular part of the armour, such as most facilitated his cutting off the head of the enemy. This therefore must have been part of the helmet; and that part especially which was most prominent and liable to be seized upon; and this I take to have been the beaver. There were several sorts of helmets of different denominations; and I imagine that one of them was styled aventaile or adventaile, from a moveable beaver, which was made to slide up and down. The name was given from its affording, when the beaver was up, an opening to the air for respiration; and seems to have been derived, not from Who withoute mee woulde fall untoe the grounde, The worlde bie diffraunce ys ynne orderr founde; avant but from ad and ventus, or ventilo; from whence was formed the French word aventail. Du Cange quotes from Rymer's Foed. an order tom 8. p. 384. Tredecim loricas, quinque aventailles, quadraginta arcus, &c. The beaver of an helmet projected be yond the helm, and stood hollow; so that it gave an opportunity for a person to lay hold of it and to force the head of his enemy downward. From hence I am induced to think, that an adventailwas properly that fore part of the helmet, the beaver, but which often gave name to the whole. When this beaver, was put up, it afforded an opening to breathe more freely, and to receive fresh air; which opening was from thence styled a ventail from ventil. When Æneas was healed of his wound by Iapis, and was returning completely armed to battle, he embraced his son who stood by his side, and kissed him; which is thus described by Gawin Douglas. Ascaneus zoung tendirly the ilk place P. 425, 1. 18. It is expressed after the same manner in an ancient poem quoted by Mr. Warton. Hist, of Eng. Poetry v. 1.p. 163. Upon his shoulders a shelde of steele, From His. of Richard Coeur de Lion. There is a passage in the interlude of Ælla, where the adventaile is mentioned in conjunction with the helmet. Who haveth trodden downe the adventayle And tore the beaulmes from heads of myckle myghte. v. 469. Ventale or ventall, a vent-hole and breathing part of a helmet: a Fr. ventaille. Gloss. to Gawin Douglas. Hence I imagine that the beaver and the helmet itself had the name of adventail and aventail from being constructed in such a manner as to afford occasionally such an opening. 2 Borne. By this word is signified a kind of gorget or breast-plate expressed more commonly burn and byrn; from the byrna of the Saxons. Bynna, lorica. Sax. Dict. In the laws of K. Athelstan mention is made of a person having a burn and helm. c. 72. In the laws also of k. Ina, a burn and sword are spoken of, c. 55. It was sometimes expressed bryne and brynia. Brynia, lorica, hringa brynia, lorica annulis ferreis concatenata. Olai Verelii. Lex Sueo-Goth. It is taken notice of by Du Cange as it is differently exhibited. Brunea, |