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threatened to be prohibited exportation from Spain; also afhes of all forts for bleaching, &c. for which vaft fums go yearly from Britain and Ireland to foreigners, though American ashes are stronger and cheaper; and Americans may easily learn the procefs of pearl afhes, now got chiefly, almoft wholly from Hungary; our money thereby only go to our own Colonies, to their great profit and ours; or luxuries of any kind, as wines, fruits, fpices, perhaps tea in time, fince many nations will have it; and various minerals, drugs, &c. for all which America is fpecially capable, and should be largely aided, even specially by parent country. By fuch means all their lands and hands might have full employ, without injury to parent country.' B...t, Art. 30. The Congrefs Canvaffed; or, an Examination into the Conduct of the Delegates at their Grand Convention held in Phi ladelphia, Sept. 1, 1774. Addreffed to the Merchants of New York. By A. W. Farmer, Author of Free Thoughts. 8vo. I S. New York printed, London reprinted by Richardfon and Urquhart. 1775.

The Free Thoughts of this farmer were intended to engage the farmers of the province of New York to diffent trom the affociation of the Members of the Congrefs, and his prefent performance is defigned to answer the fame purpose among the merchants, by reprefenting the inconveniences which they must suffer from an adherence to that affociation.-The following extract will enable our Readers to judge of the manner in which this reprefentation is conducted :

You cannot, I think, want conviction, that your liberty and property are made fubject to the laws of the Congrefs, and the will of the committee. If you do, look at the tenth article of the Affociation. Any goods or merchandize that may arrive on your account between the first day of December, and the first day of February next, though you should have ordered them before the Congrefs had a being, must be re-shipped by your own direction; and this direction you must give, under the penalty of being Gazetted ;-or, they must be delivered up to the committee of the county or town wherein they fhall be imported, to be ftored at your own risk;—or, they muft be fold under the direction of the committee; and after you are reimbursed your firft coft and charges, the profit is to be applied to the relieving fuch poor inhabitants of the town of Bofton as are immediate fufferers by the Boston Port Bill.-Good God! That men who exclaim fo violently for liberty and the rights of Englishmen, fhould ever voluntarily fubmit to fuch an abject state of flavery! That you, who refufe fubmiffion to the Parliament, fhould tamely give up your liberty and property to an illegal, tyrannical Congrefs: for fhame, gentlemen, act more confiftently. You have bluttered, and bellowed, and fwaggered, and bragged, that no British Parliament should dispose of a penny of your money without your leave, and now you suffer yourselves to be bullied by a Congress, and cowed by a COMMITTEE, and through fear of the Gazette, are obliged to hold open your pocket, and humbly intreat that the gentlemen of the committee would take out all the profits of a whole importation of goods, for the benefit of the Boston poor." B.... Art.

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Art. 31. A View of the Controverfy between Great Britain and her Colonies Including a Mode of determining their préfent Difputes, finally and effectually, and of preventing all future Contentions. By A. W. Farmer. 8vo. 1 s. 6 d. Reprinted for Richardson and Urquhart. 1775.

This pamphlet is intended as an answer to one entituled, “ A full Vindication of the Measures of the Congrefs, from the Calum. nies of their Enemies :" but not having feen the latter, which, we fuppofe, has not been reprinted here, we cannot judge of the com parative merit of these pieces.

The following fhort extract contains the grounds on which our Author propofes an accommodation of the prefent American dispute:

I will here, Sir, venture to deliver my fentiments upon the line that ought to be drawn between the fupremacy of Great Britain, and the dependency of the Colonies. And I shall do it with the more boldness, because I know it to be agreeable to the opinions of many of the warmest advocates for America, both in England and in the Colonies, in the time of the Stamp Act.-I imagine, that if all internal taxation be vefted in our own legiflatures, and the right of regulating trade by duties, bounties, &c. be left in the power of the Parliament; and also the right of enacting all general laws for the good of all the Colonies, that we shall have all the fecurity for our rights, liberties, and property, which human policy can give use the dependence of the Colonies on the Mother country will be fixed on a firm foundation; the fovereign authority of Parliament, over all the dominions of the empire will be established, and the Mothercountry and all her Colonies will be knit together, in ONE GRAND, FIRM, AND COMPACT BODY.'

Art. 32. An Addrefs to the Right Hon. Lord Msf—d; in which the Meafures of Government refpecting America are confidered in a new Light; with a View to his Lordship's Interpofition therein. 8vo. Is. Almon. 1775.

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The noble Lord to whom this Addrefs is made, having, as we are told, approved himself a friend to the conftitution and the just rights of the people, by his decifion in favour of Somerfer the negro, and by that refpecting the duty of 4 per cent. levied by prerogative in the Inland of Grenada, our Author endeavours, by expatiating on the grievous nature and ruinous confequences of the measures acopted with regard to America, to perfuade his Lordship to interpofe his influence in favour of the Colonies. We do not find, however, that any degree of fuccefs has attended this Address. B...t. Art. 33. The Supremacy of the British Legislature over the Colonies

candidly difcuffed. 8vo. I s. Johnfon.

The Author of this difcuffion labours to prove by the arguments commonly employed for that purpose, that the Americans are fubject to the authority of Parliament, by the first principles of colonization; by the power inherent in Parliament over all the British ter ritories, and confirmed by the fubmiffion of the Colonifts to it; by long ufage and cuftom of Parliament, and likewife by an authority derived from that principle of juftice and impartiality which they are bound to preferve towards all the territories in the British dominions.'

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Art. 34. Abort Addrefs to the Government, the Merchants, Manufacturers, and the Colonifts in America and the Sugar Iflands, on the prefent State of Affairs. By a Member of Parliament. 8vo. 1 s. Robinfon.

This Member of Parliament, (for a borough in the moon) afks, Are the Colonies a part of the British dominions or are they not? If they are (continues he) then are they fubject to the fupreme authority of Great Britain and was there ever a fupreme authority in the world without the power of taxation?'

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Having in this fummary way proved the jurifdiction of Parliament, he proceeds to vindicate, as far as he can, the late proceedings of government, and to exhort all ranks of people to unite in fubjugating the rebellious Colonists. Art. 35. Governor Johnstone's Speech on the Queftion of recommit ting the Address declaring the Colony of Massachusett's Bay in Rebellion. 8vo. 6d. Allen.

The catchpenny Editor of this performance, hoping to profit by the public curiofity refpecting American fubjects, has reprinted from! the news-papers a fpeech, and two letters under the signature of Junius.

POLITICA L.

B....t. Art. 36. Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism: on the Idea of a Patriot-King: and on the State of Parties at the acceffion of King George I. A new Edition Crown Octavo. 3 s. Davies. 1775Mr. Davies has dedicated this new edition of Lord Bolingbroke's elegant and masterly Letters on Patriotifm, &c. to Mr. Edmund Burke; to whom, among other handfome compliments, he pays this very high one: Bleft with the copious and commanding eloquence of a Bolingbroke. your conduct has been, and, I doubt not, ever will be, more fteady and uniform than his.' May this gentleman's future conduct ferve to confirm our Editor in his favourable preconception of the patriot's fteadiness of conduct, and immutability of principle.

An ‍address, from the Publisher to the Reader, is likewife prefixed; containing fome judicious observations on the general merit of Lord Bolingbroke's political writings, and on the peculiar value of these letters on which the noble Author is faid to have bestowed that polish, and thofe nice and finishing ftrokes, which he had neglected to give to his other works.'

Some critics have, however, preferred his Letter to Wyndham; others, the Differtation on Parties, or the letters on the Study and Ufe of Hiftory. Mr. Davies has fairly ftated their feveral opinions; but the weighty encomium given by Lord Chefterfield, in his letters, lately published, feems to have turned the fcale entirely in favour of the prefent work: this encomium we have already communicated to our readers; fee Review, vol. li. p. 369. 462.

To Lord Chesterfield's ftrong recommendation of the Letters on Patriotifm, &c. the Editor has added the fhort but highly advanta geous character of Lord B. drawn by the Earl of Orrery, in his remarks on the life and writings of Dean Swift: in which the noble and ingenious remarker does not hesitate to fum up the excellences of (the

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reformed)

reformed) Bolingbroke, in this liberal declaration, that the wifdom of Socrates, the dignity of Pliny, and the wit of Horace, appeared in all his writings and conversation.'

To the foregoing refpectable testimonials, the Editor has added the charming lines in the conclufion of the Effay on Man, addressed to the GUIDE, PHILOSOPHER, and FRIEND" of the admirable POET, whofe memory, feems to have been fo ungratefully and infolently treated by the firft Editor of thefe letters, in the prefatory advertifement, which ftill remains, a striking monument of the instability and evanefcence of literary friendship.

The fentiments of the Reviewers, with refpect to the nature and value of the juftly celebrated letters, here republished, may be seen our first volume, for the year 1749.

Art. 37. Remarks on the Patriot . Including fome Hints refpecting the Americans, with an Addrefs to the Electors of Great Britain. 8vo. IS. Richardfon and Urquhart. 1775.

On the prefumption that Dr. Johnfon's eminence of rank in the learned world, might give a fanction to fentiments and principles. which may prove unfriendly to the cause of true Patriotism; the fenfible Author of thefe Remarks undertakes to refute the Doctor's chief pofitions, to guard the unwary reader against the fpeciousness of his mifreprefentations, and to blunt the edge of his ridicule.

In the execution of this defign, the remarker has not been unfuccefsful. If he is inferior to the Doctor in style, and the dignity of declamation; he is a match for him in reafoning:-In the capacity of a ministerial writer, the learned Author of the Patriot, we may ventare to predict, will never add a wreath to the laurels he acquired by his moral and poetical productions.

Art. 38. A Letter to Dr. Samuel Johnson; occafioned by his late Political publications. With an Appendix, containing fome Obfervations on a Pamphlet lately published by Dr. Shebbeare. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Towers. 1775.

Another ferious and fenfible inveftigation of the merit and value of Dr. Johnfon's political writings. This remarker is no lefs fevere upon the Doctor, than is the Author of the foregoing article. The publications which are the fubjects of his animadverfion, are the False Alarm, Thoughts on Falklands Iflands, and the Patriot. After a strict examination of the Doctor's reafoning, in the above-mentioned pamphlets, and a clear refutation of fome of his principal arguments, our Author draws the following, among other conclufions: that Dr. Johnson's political writings have unfortunately tended only to degrade bis own character, without rendering much fervice to his employers; that no writer, of the Doctor's abilities, ever engaged in politics, whofe productions were of fo little effect, and fo unprofitable to his patrons; and that this celebrated writer may, in many respects, be confidered as a memorable inftance of human weakness: for though,' fays the Author, "you have given evidences of great force of genius, you have, at the fame time, discovered fuch little pre

The late Mr. Mallet.

+ See Review for October laft, p. 298.

judices,

judices, and fuck bigotted attachments, as would have disgraced a common understanding.'

In his appendix, our last letter-writer attacks Dr. Shebbeare, of whofe pamphlet we gave an account in our last month's Review. The angry Doctor having fallen foul on the memories of King William, Algernon Sidney, Lord Somers, and in fhort, all the great fupporters of the whig-intereft, our Author undertakes their defence; together with that of the diffenters, in general, who had also, in the fame publication, been roughly handled by this inveterate enemy of the Non-cons. But, fays our Author, if it be a reproach to be warmly attached to civil as well, as religious liberty, and to deteft tyranny, ander whatever form it may appear, it is a reproach that many of them [the diffenters] are well content to bear. The friends of freedom, and of public virtue, are naturally objects of diflike to the fervile and the venal; and it can be no difhonour to be reviled by the avowed tools of a minifter, by fate hirelings, and penfioned parafites.'

MEDICA L.

Art. 39. A Treatise on Child-bed Fevers, and on the Methods of preventing them, c.: To which are prefixed two Differtations on the Brain and Nerves, &c. By Thomas Kirkland, M. D. 8vo. 3 s. Baldwin. 1774.

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This little treatife may be confidered, and is intended by the Author, as a proper fupplement to the feveral effays which have been lately published on the fame fubject. His principal defign is to thew that puerperal fevers are produced by different caufes; that they accordingly require different methods of cure; and that dangerous. errours in practice may be committed, by referring them exclufively to one particular caufe, fach as, for inftance, an inflammation of the abdomen, or uterus; and accordingly treating the disorder with antiphlogistics, while the fymptoms perhaps were the confequence of putrid abforption, and the disease therefore required a very different and even contrary mode of treatment. His obfervations on these and ... other heads relative to his subject are illustrated and confirmed by feveral cafes that have occurred in his own practice; and deferve the confideration of practitioners.

In the first of the two differtations prefixed to this treatise, Dr. Kirkland endeavours to prove that the brain is not fibrous, and that the nerves are not pervious tubes, conftituted of this fuppofed fibrous fubftance, and carrying a certain fluid fecreted in the brain; but that the medullary part of this organ is a mere mucus, or gelatinous. fubftance of a particular kind, not confined to the skull, but carried and expanded, by means of the nerves, over every part of the body. The nerves are accordingly confidered by the Author as portions of the white part of the brain itself, contained in coats formed of the dura and pia mater. This fubftance they conduct to, and spread over, every mufcular fibre; occafionally depofiting one or both of thefe coverings, and widely diffufing the white part of the brain, fo as to form one continued fubftance in every part that is included

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