rately, and in methodical order, and to enforce statement by abundance of illustration. The illus tions are partly made "off hand" and partly selec from reputable authors. All of the sentences used exercises for parsing or for sentence analyses selected from standard literature. Of colloquial a provincial usage no account has been taken.

Teachers familiar with Whitney's Essentials of E lish Grammar will, in the following pages, be frequen reminded of that excellent book, though they will see its purely inductive method. Positive, categori statement of established elementary facts, with apt a abundant verification, is an economical method of viewing as well as of communicating such facts; and maturer students of the elementary facts of languag economy of time and effort is an important consider tion. This method, therefore, prevails in the first på of the book.

Professor Whitney's suggestion for a classification moods and "verb phrases" analogous to moods h been adopted and expanded. Thus there is built up means of verbs used only, or chiefly, as auxiliaries, full scheme of conjugation, simple, natural, philosop cal, and for the most part corresponding to the scher of conjugation in other languages.

As the chief purpose of this book is to make clear those who have not studied other languages the stru

ture of the sentence as it is used in modern English, no attempt has been made to show the history of constructions, nor to compare English constructions with those of other languages, although occasional hints are given. No constructive work has been suggested, nor have examples of the use of incorrect forms and faulty structure been offered for criticism. Constructive work will naturally follow in the study of composition and rhetoric; and the language heard in the classroom, in ordinary conversation, or used in the ordinary written exercises, will be likely to afford sufficient material for criticism and correction. The subjects discussed have been so presented as to keep the learner's attention upon the main facts of the English sentence, just as they are in themselves, unencumbered with the errors of careless writers, and with no reference to the analogies of other languages or divergencies from them.

The usual method of indicating the relative importance of matter by type of varying size, and of showing the coördination and subordination of parts by an elaborate system of figuring, has not been followed. A prospective view of each section is given in the introductory charts and a review is afforded by the summaries at the close of each section. The page is made to show only fact, principle, and illustration as clearly, simply, and briefly as possible.

A few matters of minor importance

A system of diagraming has been suggested in notes. While the method of expressing syntac relations by the diagram is subject to abuse, it ma made very useful. Let it be understood that the gram is only a graphic method of expressing anal let the meaning of position in the diagram be f understood, and the diagram becomes a very econ cal device; but as soon as it becomes an end in its as soon as it is made to control rather than to expr analyses, the diagram had better be abandoned.

E. J. MACEWAN

JANUARY, 1900.