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Accompanying a simple sentence, there may be inde- Independent

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A noun or pronoun in the nominative case may be:

Subject of a sentence,

Predicate nominative,

Independent by address,

Independent by exclamation,

Independent by pleonasm or specification,

Nominative absolute,

Nominative by apposition.

A noun or pronoun in the objective case may be:

Object, direct or indirect, of a transitive verb,

Object of a preposition,

Objective or factitive predicate,

Adverbial objective,

of measure, value, manner, time, place,

retained object with passive verb.

Subject of an infinitive,

Independent by exclamation (rare),

Objective absolute (rare),

Objective by apposition.

elements

Uses of nominative

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A noun or pronoun in the possessive case may be:

A simple adjective modifier,

A predicate adjective modifier,

A substitute for the noun modified in any construction,

Of possessive

Asking questions

Like

declarative

Difference

Question as to

predication

XVI. THE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

The declarative sentence, so far the only one discussed, makes an assertion. The interrogative sentence makes an inquiry. If we wish to give information, we make a statement. If we seek information, we ask a question, though we might merely state our desire. We might say,—

I desire to learn the distance from here to Ogden.

We do say,

How far is it from here to Ogden?

The interrogative sentence is like the declarative in having a subject and predicate. The subject may be any of the elements used as subject of a declarative sentence, and in addition sometimes an interrogative pronoun, and may be modified in the same way; the predicate verb may be completed and modified in every respect like the predicate verb of a declarative sentence.

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The interrogative sentence differs from the declarative either in the order of elements or in the presence of interrogative words, or in both,—and in using the emphatic or the progressive form of the verb in the present and past tenses.

The question may be as to the predication, i.e. as to whether what would be expressed by the same sentence in its declarative form is true or is not true. In this Form case the order of words is changed, the subject coming

after the verb or after the first auxiliary: and if the

b.

except be

is in the present or the past tense, Inversion

emphatic form is regularly used:

Is your father at home?

Does your mother want a servant?

Have you been swinging in your garden?

Did Arnold betray his country?

Shall not the Judge of all the earth do right?

Might he not have been executed?

The natural answers to such interrogative sentences, The answer not the simple responsives, yes or no, will be, of urse, the declarative sentences, affirmative or negative, which they are variations, the pronouns of the first second person being properly changed:—

My father is at home.

My mother wants no servant.

I have been swinging in my garden.

Arnold betrayed his country.

The Judge of all the earth shall do right.

He might (not) have been executed.

The inquiry may be for the actor, the receiver of the Another kind

ct, the agent, or the person or thing in some way con

Note. If the sentence is alternative, the answer must be a statement oncerning one or both of the alternatives : —

Shall you hunt or (shall you) fish?

I shall hunt. I shall fish.

The answer yes would mean,

I shall either hunt or fish.

The answer no would mean,

I shall neither hunt nor fish.

and neither of these statements answers the question, Shall you hunt or

of question

A third kind

cerned in the act. In this case, the question is usually asked by means of the interrogative pronouns, who, which, what, or the interrogative adjectives, whose, which, what, sometimes by an interrogative adverb:

Who comes? Whom did you see?

For whom was the coat made?

What man, having drunk old wine, straightway desireth new?

Which coat will you buy?

Whose house is this?

.

The inquiry may be as to the time, place, manner, degree, reason, purpose, consequence, or the like, of the action, being, or condition. In this case, the question is asked by means of the interrogative adverbs, when, where, whence, whither, why, how, whereby, wherein, wherewith, etc., or by a prepositional phrase containing an interrogative pronoun, adjective, or adverb:

When did you lose your daughter?

Where is your husband now?

How has this man been so deceived here in the city?

How wise, how young, how noble, is he?

Why do I trifle thus with his despair?

Wherewith shall a young man cleanse his way?

Since when have you been so pious?

For whom have I filed my mind?

What were you speaking about?

In whose name does the messenger come?

To what office does he aspire?

It will be seen that the interrogative word in these Place of
interrogative
rect questions is either at the beginning of the sen- word
nce or as near the beginning as possible; further,
at the subject, unless it is the interrogative word, Inversion
▪mes after the verb or after the first auxiliary; and
at in the present and past tenses the emphatic or
e progressive form of the verb is used.

Such questions are naturally answered by substituting Answer
he answering word for the interrogative word, and
hen, pronouns of the first and second person being
hanged, arranging the parts of the sentence in the
atural order:

My father comes.

I saw the new preacher.

The coat was made for myself.

I lost my daughter last year.

My husband is in heaven now.

This man has been deceived through sharp practice.

You have filed your mind for Banquo's son.

inverted order

The order of the words in the interrogative sentence Direct and is called inverted, since the subject comes after the verb. The order of the declarative sentence is called direct. Sometimes, by a change in the inflection of the voice, a sentence with words in the direct order is made interrogative:

You are going to let him escápe ?

He would not give more than a thousand dollars?

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