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5. (According) to the best of my remembrance, there were only three men in the boat.

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6. (To any one) taking everything into account, it seems

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a bad

EXERCISES

I. News! News from heaven! Marcus, the post is come.

2. My leg is cut in two. Light, gentlemen!

3. O you powers, heaven gives men countless eyes to view

ur acts.

4. Halt! The dust-brown ranks stood fast. Fire! Out blazed the rifle blast.

5. Up! Clouted knee and ragged coat, A man is a man to-day.

6. Ah, brother ! Only I and thou Are left of all that circle now.

7. "Fie, silly bird!" I answered.

8. O brave men and fair women,

Ill comes of hate and seeming.

9. Good-by, proud world! I'm going home.

10. O thou child of many prayers!

Life hath quicksands, — life hath snares.

11. Yes, child of suffering, thou mayest well be glad.

12. Tears, idle tears, I know not what they mean.

13. The heroes of the Revolution,

memory.

14. The foe, they come ! they come !

15. O night,

we will honor their

And storm, and darkness, ye are wondrous strong,
Yet lovely in your strength.

16. Oh! The gallant fisher's life,

XV. SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS AND THEIR USES IN
THE SIMPLE DECLARATIVE SENTENCE

Sentence The simple sentence consists of a subject and predi-
Subject cate.
The subject may be:-

Bare

Apparent

Simple, consisting of a single word or expression.

Compound, consisting of two or more coördinate words or expressions taken together.

The bare or grammatical subject is the subject without its modifiers.

The apparent or provisional subject — impersonal it or the adverb there-takes the place before the verb of the real subject sometimes not expressed, sometimes following the verb.

Logical The logical subject is the subject with all its modifiers. The bare subject may be:

Modifiers

A noun, a pronoun, any expression merely named, a converted adjective, a converted adverb, an infinitive or infinitive phrase, a prepositional phrase - or two or more of these taken together.

The bare subject, noun or pronoun, may be modified in many ways:

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By adjectives, Attributive, appositive, (predicative).
By nouns, Attributive (converted), appositive, (predica-
tive), possessive.

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By pronouns, (predicative), appositive, possessive.

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Note. As the predicate adjective and noun, though modifiers of the

subiect form a part of the predicate they are not formally classed here

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Simple,

a single verb, alone or with modifiers. Compound, two or more verbs, alone or with modifiers.

The meaning of the verb may be completed by:

Predicate

Simple
Compound

Complements

A predicate noun, pronoun, or adjective, or equivalents Predicate modifying, Subject, subject and verb, object.

word

A noun or pronoun or its equivalent, - As direct object, as Object indirect object.

The verb may be modified in several ways:—

By one or more adverbs,

Adjectives (converted),

Prepositions (converted),

Nouns in the objective case adverbial,

Prepositional phrases,

Infinitives or infinitive phrases,

Adverbial predicate adjectives or participles,

Nominative absolute constructions,

Participles or participial phrases formally connected with the

subject, but logically going along with the verb.

Modifiers

In addition to these, a verb in the passive voice may with passive have as modifiers:

A retained direct object,
A retained indirect object,

A retained prenosition

Of predicate adjective

Of predicate

noun

Of object

Of any substantive

Of attributive

adjective

Of adverb

Of infinitive

Of participle

Conjunction

Preposition

A predicate adjective may take as modifiers:

Adverbs,

Nouns in the objective case adverbial,
Prepositional phrases,

Infinitives and infinitive phrases.

A predicate noun or pronoun may have all the modifiers of a subject noun or pronoun (except predicate modifiers).

An object noun or pronoun may have all the modifiers of a subject noun or pronoun.

A noun or pronoun in any construction may have all the modifiers of the subject (except predicate modifiers). An attributive adjective may be modified by adverbs; and an appositive adjective may be modified by all the modifiers of the predicate adjective.

An adverb may be modified by adverbial elements:
Adverbs,

Nouns in the objective case adverbial,
Prepositional phrases,

Infinitives or infinitive phrases.

Infinitives in their noun nature may have the modifiers of ordinary nouns; and in their verb nature may have the complements and adverbial modifiers of the verbs of which they are a part.

Participles take the complements and modifiers of the verbs to which they belong.

Two or more coördinate elements may be connected by conjunctions.

A modifying noun or pronoun, or equivalent, may be

connected with the modified word by a preposition

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