Streaming Grief his faded cheek bedew'd. Blindness for darkness: Cæcis erramus in undis. Eneid. iii. 200. There is a peculiar energy in this figure, fimilar to that in the former: the figurative name denotes the fubject to be an effect, by fuggefting its caufe. 4. Two things being intimately connected, the proper name of the one employ'd figuratively to fignify the other. Day for light. Night for darkness; and hence, A fudden night. Winter for a ftorm at fea : Interea magno Æneid. i. 128. This laft figure would be too bold for a British writer, as a storm at fea is not infeparably connected with winter in this climate. 5. A word proper to an attribute, employ'd figuratively to denote the subject. Youth and beauty for thofe who are young and beautiful: Youth and beauty fhall be laid in duft. VOL. II. Majefty Majefty for the King: What art thou, that ufurp'ft this time of night, In which the Majefty of buried Denmark Hamlet, act 1. fc. I. Or have ye chofen this place After the toils of battle, to repofe Your weary'd virtue ? Paradife Loft. Verdure for a green field. Summer, l. 301. Speaking of cranes, To pigmy nations wounds and death they bring, Cool age advances venerably wife. Iliad, iii. 10. Iliad, ii. 149. The peculiar beauty of this figure arifes from fuggefting an attribute that embellishes the fubject, or puts it in a stronger light. 6. A complex term employ'd figuratively to denote one of the component parts. Funus for a dead body. Burial for a grave. 7. The name of one of the component parts instead of the complex term. Zada i. Tada for a marriage. The Eaft for a country fituated east from us. Jovis veftigia fervat, for imitating Jupiter in general. 8. A word fignifying time or place, employ'd figuratively to denote what is connected with it. Clime for a nation, or for a conftitution of government: hence the expreffion, Merciful clime. Fleecy winter for fnow. Seculum felix. 9. A part for the whole. The pole for the earth. The head for the perfon: Triginta minas pro capite tuo dedi. Plautus: Forthwith from the pool he rears His mighty ftature. The filent heart which grief affails. Paradife Loft. Parnell. The peculiar beauty of this figure confifts in marking that part which makes the greateft fi gure. 10. The name of the container, employ'd figuratively to fignify what is contained. Grove for the birds in it, Vocal grove. Ships for the feamen, Agonizing ships. · Mountains for the fheep pafturing upon them, Bleating mountains. Zacynthus, Ithaca, &c. for the inhabitants. Ex meftis domibus. Livy. 11. The name of the fuftainer, employ'd figuratively to fignify what is sustained. Altar for the facrifice. Field for the battle fought upon it, Well-fought field. 12. The name of the materials, employ'd figuratively to fignify the things made of them. Ferrum for gladius. 13. The names of the Heathen deities, employ'd figuratively to fignify what they patronife. Jove for the air, Mars for war, Venus for beauty, Cupid for love, Ceres for corn, Neptune for the fea, Vulcan for fire. This figure bestows great elevation upon the fubject; and therefore ought to be confined to the higher strains of poetry. SECOND TABLE. Attributes expreffed figuratively. When two attributes are connected, the name of the one may be employ'd figuratively to exprefs the other. Purity and virginity are attributes of the fame perfon: hence the expreffion, Virgin snow, for pure fnow. 2. A word fignifying properly an attribute of one fubject, employ'd figuratively to exprefs a resembling attribute of another fubject. Tottering ftate. Imperious ocean. flood. Raging tempeft. Shallow fears. My fure divinity fhall bear the fhield, And edge thy fword to reap the glorious field. Angry U 3 Odyfey, xx. 61. Black |