to advocate their cause. In such cases the benefit of the candidate is less the object of pursuit, than the interest of the electors... - Be it granted, however, that these clubs were, in some instances, actuated by personal attachment to the individual, nay, that they were instituted to promote his political interest, still the learned critic appears to assign to the term too extensive a meaning, when be explains it as denoting a member of a club instituted for the benefit of an individual. Consistently with this explanation, the benefit may be either civil or political, moral or physical; and the measures adopted for promoting it may be either just or unjust, legal or illegal. Had the critic confined his construction to political objects, I should have been more inclined to concur with him: but his explanation appears to me to leave the term without due restriction, by not specifying the nature of the benefit, and of the means employed for its attainment.

3

The word sodalis, I conceive, may be explained as denoting a companion in pleasure or amusement a fellow of a college or fraternity a member of a society instituted for sacred and also convivial purposes-sometimes, however, though not professedly, with political and seditious views. See Cic. ad frat. ii. 3.-Augustin. ad XI tab. et de leg. in Clodia de colleg.-Ascon. in Cic. p. 137.-Suet. in J. Cæs.-Id. iu Aug. Cæs. Sigon. de Ant. Jur. Civ. Rom.-Rittersh. in leg. XII tab.

The ingenious critic candidly acknowledges, that he assents to many of my observations, respecting the verb nubere. I am not quite satisfied with this partial assent; and therefore take the liberty to enquire, in which of my remarks he is not inclined to concur. I delivered it as my opinion, that Tertullian erred in applying nubere to a man, in the sense, in which he has used the term. The Reviewer seemed inclined to justify him, and quoted from Noltenius two or three passages in which the verb is applied to males. These examples I have proved to have no relation to the question. I have likewise explained the meaning of the verb in all those instances, in which it is applied to males; and shown that they furnish no apology whatever for the error of Tertullian. Is there any inaccuracy in the explanation? If there is, I shall esteem it a favor, if the learned critic will point it out..

He observed, that Imp. Antoninus used ducere for nubere; and at the same time remarked, that this employment of the verb was as justifiable, as Tertullian's use of nubere for ducere, My answer was, that neither might be excused, that both might be in error, and that solecism is not to be defended by solecism, nor impropriety by impropriety. Antoninus might be right in his use of ducere, and Tertullian wrong in his employment of nubere. And this I have shown to be, in fact, the case; for the term is sarcastically employed by Antoninus, to a woman, who had re

nounced the modesty and delicacy of her sex; as nubere is in similar instances applied to a man. The use of ducere, as employed by Antouinus, furnishes no apology whatever for the error of Tertullian. Will the learned Reviewer permit me again to ask, to which of these remarks he is not inclined to assent. He confesses, that he had no intention to maintain, that modern writers of Latin "have sufficient authority in the examples, which he produced, on the very respectable authority of Noltenius, for applying nubere to a man." Here I would beg leave to offer two observations, First, I do not clearly understand what the Reviewer means, by "the very respectable authority of Noltenius." The authority of no Lexicographer, according to my conception of authority, can either increase, or diminish the intrinsic weight or evidence of any example, which he may produce. The weight of the example de pends, not on the respectability of the Lexicographer, but on the character of the author, from whom it is taken. Whether I find the example in Cole's Dictionary, or Stephens's Thesaurus, is of no moment. The example speaks for itself. The authority of the Lexicographer, how respectable soever, can neither augment, nor impair its force. But, secondly, if the Reviewer had no intention to affirm, that the examples from Tertullian and others, warrant the application of nubere, to a man, I cannot easily perceive the purport of his remarks: for I have unequivocally and precisely expressed the same thing. The inge ious Reviewer replies, that his object was to show, that other writers in the age of Tertullian employed the verb in the same manner, and that he ought not to bear the whole blame, when he was adopting the Latinity of his own time. Be it so. This is no justification of the error. I have not insinuated, that Tertullian was the only writer, who misemployed the verb nubere; and it was the error itself, not those who committed it, that it was my duty to point out. When the Reviewer observed, that Antominus was as much justified in applying ducere to a woman, as Tertullian in applying nubere to a man, it appeared to me to imply a principle, utterly irreconcileable with the rules of just criticism. This principle, however, the learned Reviewer has very properly disclaimed.

'These observations I submit to the consideration of the ingenious critic, whose sagacity I respect, and whose liberality I esteem. I should be unworthy of the thanks, which he has been pleased to return to me, at the conclusion of his answer, if I closed my reply without expressing my obligations to him for the candour and urbanity displayed in his critique, and the courtesy, with which he has received my remarks.

Greenwich, Jan. 1817.

ALEX. CROMBIE.

151

LOCI QUIDAM LUCIANI EMENDATI ATQUE EXPLANATI

A JOANNE SEAGER, A. B.

BICKNOR: WALLICA, IN COMITATU MONUMETHIE, RECTORE.

PARS v.-[Continued from No. xxvii. p. 77.]

VER, HIST. lib. II. pag. 135. τό δ ̓ ἦν πέλαγος ἄβυσσον, ἀρίζεις δένδροις καταφυτευόμενον· εἱστήκει δὲ τὰ δένδρα ὅμως ἀκίνητα, ὀρθὰ, καθάπερ ἐπιπλέοντα. Conjicio, εἱστήκει δὲ τὰ δένδρα ὅμως ἀκίνητα, ὀρθὰ, καθάπερ ΕΠΙ ΓΗΣ ΟΝΤΑ. vel potius ΚΑΙΠΕΡ ἐπιπλέοντα.

VERA HISTOR. lib. II. pag. 136. Ἐπέστημεν χάσματι μεγάλῳ, ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος διεστῶτος γεγενημένῳ, καθάπερ ἐν τῇ γῇ πολλάκις ἑωρῶμεν ὑπὸ σεισμῶν γιγνόμενα διαχωρήματα. ἡ μὲν οὖν ναῦς, καθελόντων ἡμῶν τὰ ἱστία, ραδίως ἔστη, παρ ̓ ὀλίγον ἐλθοῦσα κατενεχθῆναι. Mihi quidem liquet scribendum, ἡ μὲν οὖν ναῦς, καθελόντων ἡμῶν τὰ ἱστιὰ, ΒΡΑ ΔΕΩΣ ἔστη, παρ' ὀλίγον ἐλθοῦσα κατενεχθῆναι.

TYRANNICIDA. p. 144. μάλιστα δὲ ἐκεῖνο ἐλύπει, τὸ εἰδέναι μακρὰν, μᾶλλον δὲ ἀΐδιον, τὴν δουλείαν ἐσομένην, καὶ ἐκ διαδοχῆς παραδοθησομένην τὴν πόλιν ἄλλοτε ἄλλῳ δεσπότῃ καὶ πονηρῷ κληρονόμημα γενησόμενον τὸν δῆμον. Interponendum videtur καί ἐκ διαδοχῆς παραδοθησομένην τὴν πόλιν, ΚΑΙ ἄλλοτε ἄλλῳ δεσπότῃ πονηρῷ κληρονό μημα γενησόμενον τὸν δῆμον.

TYRANNICIDA. pag. 146. (pag. 789. D. ed. Salm.) Quum in arcem quidam, ut tyrannum occideret, ascendisset, tyranno ipso non invento, filium ejus confodit, et gladium in vulnere reliquit. Leto filii superveniens pater, eodem gladio se ipse confecit. Qui filium interfecerat, præmium tyrannicidii poscit, quasi consulto tyranni ipsius vitæ pepercisset, hujusmodi rationem reddens: ἐνταῦθα τοίνυν (filio occiso, scilicet) πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταὶ, τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐλογισάμην· πάντ' ἔχει μοι καλῶς, πάντα πέπρακται, πάντα κατώρθωται τίνα ἂν ὁ περίλοιπος κολασθείη τρόπον; ἐμοῦ μὲν γὰρ ἀνάξιός ἐστιν καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς δεξιᾶς, και μάλιστα ἐπ ̓ ἔργῳ λαμπρῷ, καὶ νεανικῷ, καὶ γενναίῳ ἀνηρήμενος, καταισχύνων κἀκείνην τὴν σφαγήν· ἄξιον δέ τινα δεῖ ζητῆσαι δήμιον· ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν συμφορὰν, μηδὲ τὴν αὐτὴν κερδαίνειν· ἰδέτω, και λασθήτω, παρακείμενον ἐχέτω τὸ ξίφος· τούτῳ τὰ λοιπὰ ἐντέλλομαι. Ταῦ τα βουλευσάμενος, αὐτὸς μὲν ἐκποδὼν ἀπηλλαττόμην. ὁ δὲ, ὅπερ ἐγὼ προυμαντευσάμην, διεπράξατο, καὶ ἐτυραννοκτόνησε, καὶ τέλος ἐπέθηκε τῷ ἐμῷ δράματι.—Lego; ἄξιον δέ τινα δεῖ ζητῆσαι δήμιον· ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν συμφορὰν, (necem filii visam) ΜΗΔ' ΕΑΝ ΤΑΥΤΗΝ κερδαίνειν. (moriendo scilicet antequam vidisset.) Κερδαίνειν est Devitare. κερδαίνει supplicium is cui condonatur. Hanc emendationem firmissimam judico.

TYRANNICIDA. pag. 147. [791. C. ed. Salm.] εἰ δὲ μόνος ἐγὼ πάντα διεπραξάμην, τολμῶν, κινδυνεύων, ἀνιῶν, ἀναιρῶν, κολάζων, δι' ἀλλήλων τιμωρούμενος, τί μου διαβάλλεις τὰ κατορθώματα; ἀνιῶν redditum est a Gesnero ascendendo. Si hoc voluit Lucianus, reponendum est ἀνιών.

· TYRANNICIDA. pag. 151. [p. 794. B. ed. Salm.] τί γὰρ καὶ οὐχὶ ἐξελάσας τις τύραννον ἤδη τιμὴν ἔλαβε τυραννοκτόνου ; Corriger dum videtur: τί γάρ; οὐχὶ καὶ ἐξαλάσας τις τύραννον ἤδη τιμὴν ἔλαβε τυραννοκτόνου ;

TYRANNICIDA. pag. 152. [p. 796. A. ed. Salm.] τὸ δὲ δὴ ἄχει τῶν τυράννων προσελθεῖν οὐκ ἂν ὑπῆρξε μοι, μὴ οὐχὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ, φυλάκων καὶ δορυφόρων ἁπάντων κεκρατηκότι, κἀκείνους ἅπαντας προεκ κηκότι.- Malim τὸ δὲ δὴ ἄχρι τῶν τυράννων ΠΡΟΕΛΘΕΙΝ, &c. Pr gredi, Procedere.

TYRANNICIDA. p. 157. [p. 801. A. ed. Salm.] ἰδὼν ὁ τύραννος τὸν υἱὸν, ὃν εἶχε μόνον, ὀλίγον ἐμπνέοντα, ᾑμαγμένον, ἐμπεπλησμένον του φόνου, καὶ τὰ τραύματα συνεχῆ καὶ πολλὰ καὶ καίρια, ἀνεβόησε τούτο, —τέκνον, ἀνῃρήμεθα, πεφονεύμεθα, τετυραννοκτονίμεθα· ποῦ ὁ σφαγείς; τίνι με τηρεῖ; τίνι με φυλάττει, διὰ σοῦ, τέκνον, προανῃρημένον ; ἢ μή τι ὡς γέροντος ὑπερφρονεῖ; καὶ τῇ βραδυτῆτι κολάζειν δέον, καὶ παρατεί νει μοι τὸν φόνον, καὶ μακροτέραν μοι τὴν σφαγὴν ποιεί. Rectius lega mus, ἢ μή τι, ὡς γέροντος, υπερφρονεῖς καὶ (κολάζειν δέον) (cum debeat, cum mihi optandum sit, supplicium meum representari) παρατείνει μοι τὸν φόνον, καὶ μακροτέραν μοι τὴν σφαγὴν ποιεί;

ABDICATUS. pag. 166. (p. 812. B. ed. Salm.) ἀλλ ̓ ὥσπερ τοῖς πατράσι τὰ τηλικαῦτα ὀργίζεσθαι ἐφῆκεν, (ὁ νομοθέτης) οὕτω καὶ τῶν παίδων προυνόησεν, ὡς μὴ ἀδίκως αὐτὸ πάσχωσι. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔλει θέραν ἔφη γίγνεσθαι, οὐδ ̓ ἄκριτον, τὴν τιμωρίαν, ἀλλ ̓ εἰς δικαστήριο ἐκάλεσε, καὶ δοκιμαστὰς ἐκάθισε τοὺς μήτε πρὸς ὀργὴν μήτε διαβολὴν τὸ δίκαιον κρινοῦντας. Malim καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐλευθέραν ΕΦΗΚΕ γίγ νεσθαι οὐδ ̓ ἄκριτον τὴν τιμωρίαν

ABDICATUS. p. 166. (p. 812. D. ed. Salm.) ούκουν ἡγεῖτο ἀδίκασ τον γίγνεσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα, οὐδ ̓ ἐξ ἐρήμης τοὺς παῖδας εὐθὺς ἁλίσκεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὕδωρ ἐγχεῖται, καὶ λόγος ἀποδίδοται, καὶ ἀνεξέταστον οὐδὲν καταλείπεται. Legendum puto Ούκουν ΗΦΙΕΤΟ ἀδίκαστον γίγνεσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα. Permisit, Concessit.

• ABDICATUS. p. 167. (813. B. ed. Salm.) Εξετάσατε (judicibu inquit filius, qui, cum abdicatus fuisset, et denuo pro meritis erga patrem, quem morbo liberaverat, in familiam ejus receptus, nunc iterum injuste abdicatur) ἐξετάσατε εἰ ἔτι δοτέον ἀποκηρύττειν αὐτῷ, ἅπαξ ἀποκηρύξαντι, χρησαμένῳ τῇ παρὰ τοῦ νόμου ἐξουσίᾳ, καὶ ἀποπληρώ σαντι τὴν πατρικὴν ταύτην δυναστείαν, εἶτ ̓ αὖθις ἀναλαβόντι, καὶ λύσαντι τὴν ἀποκήρυξιν. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἀδικώτατον εἶναί φημι τὸ τοιοῦτον, ἀπεράν τους γενέσθαι καὶ τῶν παίδων τὰς τιμωρίας, καὶ πολλὰς τὰς καταδίκας, καὶ τὸν φόβον ἀΐδιον, καὶ τὸν νόμον ἄρτι μὲν συνοργίζεσθαι, μετὰ μικρὸν δὲ λύεσθαι, καὶ πάλιν ὁμοίως ἰσχυρὸν εἶναι. Omnino sententia postulat, ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἀδικώτατον εἶναί φημι τὸ τοιοῦτον, ἀπεράντους γενέσθαι ΚΑΤΑ τῶν παίδων τὰς τιμωρίας.

ABDICATUS. p. 169. (816. A. ed. Salm.) ἀμετανόητον οὖν τὴν ἀνάληψιν, καὶ τὴν διαλλαγὴν βέβαιαν εἶναι προσήκει, μετὰ κρίσιν οὕτω πολλὴν καὶ δύο δικαστήρια· ἓν μὲν τὸ πρῶτον, ἐφ ̓ οὗ παρητήσω, δεύτερον δὲ τὸ σὸν, ὅτε μετεβουλεύσω, καὶ ἀνάδαστον ἐποίησας τὰ πρότε· ρον ἐγνωσμένα λύσας, βεβαιοῖς τὰ μετ' ἐκεῖνα βεβουλευμένα. Scriben dum fortasse-δύο δικαστήρια· ἓν μὲν τὸ πρῶτον, ἐφ' οὗ παρητήσω, δεν

τερον δὲ τὸ σὸν, ὅτε μετέβουλεύσω, καὶ ΤΟ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ (δικαστήριον sciheet) ἀνάδαστον ἐποίησας τὰ ΜΕΝ πρότερον ἐγνωσμένα λύσας, ΒΕΒΑΙΩΣΑΣ ΔΕ τὰ μετ' ἐκεῖνα βεβουλευμένα.

ABDICATUS. pag. 171. (pag. 817. E. ed. Salm.) Οὗ τί γένοιτ' ἂν ἀχαριστότερον ; σωθέντα (patrem meum) δι' ἐμὲ, καὶ τηλικοῦτον κίνδυνον (morbi scilicet, quem curavi) διαπεφευγότα, τοῖς τοιούτοις (altera abdicatione puta) εὐθὺς ἀμείβεσθαι, τῆς θεραπείας ἐκείνης οὐδ ̓ ἕνα λόγον ἔχοντα, ἀλλ' οὕτω ῥᾳδίως ἐπιλελῆσθαι, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν ἐλαύνειν τὸν ἐφησθέντ ̓ ἂν δικαίως, ἐφ ̓ οἷς ἀδίκως ἐξεβέβλητο, μὴ μόνον δ' οὐ μνησικακήσαντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ σώσαντα καὶ σωφρονεῖν παρασκευάσαντα, Gesnerum, virum tam doctum, tam perspicacem, τὸ μνησθέντ' pro τῷ ἐφησθέντ' mutari voluisse, vehementer miror. Post ἐφησθέντ' ἂν subaudi τῷ νόσῳ, τῇ συμφορᾷ, vel tale quid. τὸν ἐφησθέντ ̓ ἂν δικαίως, ἐφ ̓ οἷς ἀδίκως ἐξεβέβλητο est " eum, qui patris calamitate, morbo, jure lætari potuisset, propterea quod abdicatus inique fuerat."

ABDICATUS, pag. 173. [p. 320. A. ed. Salm.] ὃν ἔσωσα, καὶ ὃς τοῦ βίου πάντος χρεώστης ἐστί μοι, καὶ ᾧ τὸ εἶναι, καὶ τὸ σωφρονεῖν, καὶ τὸ συνιέναι παρέσχημαι· καὶ μάλιστα, ὅτε οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες ἤδη ἀπεγνώ κεσαν, καὶ ἥττους εἶναι ὠμολόγουν τῆς νόσου, τοῦτο γὰρ μεῖζον οἶμαι ποιεῖν τὴν ἐμὴν εὐεργεσίαν, ὡς οὔτε υἱὸς ὢν τότε, ἀναγκαίαν τῆς θεραπείας ἔχων αἰτίαν, ἀλλ' ἐλεύθερος καθεστώς, καὶ ἀλλότριος, τῆς φυσικῆς αἰτίας ἀφειμένος, ὅμως οὐ περιεῖδον, ἀλλ ̓ ἐθελοντὴς, ἄκλητος, αὐ τεπάγγελτος, ἧκον, ἐβοήθησα, προσελιπάρησα, ἰασάμην Melius τοῦτο γὰρ μεῖζον οἶμαι ποιεῖν τὴν ἐμὴν εὐεργεσίαν, ὋΣ, οὔτε υἱὸς ὢν τότε, ἀναγκαίαν τῆς θεραπείας ἔχων αἰτίαν ἀλλ ̓ ἐλεύθερος καθεστώς—ἰασάμην. ABDICATUS. p. 177. [825. Α. ed. Salm.] Οὐδὲ τοῦθ ̓ ὁ νομοθέτης φησὶν, ὅ τι ἂν τύχῃ ὁ πατὴρ αἰτιασάμενος, ἀποκηρυττέτω, καὶ ἀπόχρη θελῆσαι μόνον καὶ μέμψασθαι· τί γὰρ ἂν ἔδει δικαστηρίου; ἀλλ' ὑμᾶς ποιεῖ τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, σκοπεῖν, εἶτ ̓ ἐπὶ μεγάλοις καὶ δικαίοις ὁ πατὴρ ὀργίζεται, εἴτε καὶ μή· ὑμῖν pro ὑμᾶς habet editio Florentina : scribo igitur άλλ' ΕΦ' ὑμῖν ποιεῖ τοῦτο, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, σκοπεῖν,

εἴτ

ABDICATUS. p. 178. [826. Α. ed. Salm.] οὐ πάντα προστάττειν οὔτε τούτῳ (patri) δίδωσιν ὁ νόμος, οὔτ ̓ ἐμοὶ τὸ πείθεσθαι πᾶσι πάντως ἀναγκαῖον· ἐν δ ̓ οὖν τοῖς τῶν προσταγμάτων, τὰ μὲν ἀνεύθυνα ἐστι, τὰ δ ̓ ὀργῆς καὶ τιμωρίας άξια. Pro ἐν δ ̓ οὖν τοῖς legendum censeo ἐστὶ δ ̓ οὕτως. Οὔτ' ἐμοὶ τὸ πείθεσθαι πᾶσι πάντως ἀναγκαῖον. ΕΣΤΙ Δ' ΟΥΤΩΣ· τῶν προσταγμάτων τὰ μὲν ἀνεύθυνά ἐστι, τὰ δ ̓ ὀργῆς καὶ τιμωρ έας άξια.

ABDICATUS. p. 180. [p. 828. C. ed. Salm.] ταύτην ἐγὼ τὴν τέχνην (medicinam) οὐχ υἱὸς ὢν τὸς ἐξέμαθον, οὐδὲ τῷ σῷ νόμῳ ὑποκεί μενος· καὶ ὅμως αὐτὴν μεμάθηκά σοι, καὶ πρῶτος αὐτῆς ἀπολέλανας, οὐδὲν παρὰ σοῦ πρὸς τὸ μαθεῖν ἔχων. Locus injuria suspectus. Gesnerus legit καὶ πρῶτος αὐτῆς ἀπολέλαυκας· οὐδὲν παρὰ σοῦ πρὸς τὸ μαθεῖν ἔχω. Mutatione nihil opus. Verba (καὶ πρῶτος αὐτῆς ἀπολέλαυκας) parentheseos signis includenda sunt.

PHALARIS I. p. 189. [p. 838. E. ed. Salm.] φιλανθρωπίᾳ γὰρ, καὶ πραότητι, καὶ τῷ ἡμέρῳ, καὶ ἰσοτιμίας, θαυμασίως ἐγὼ ἤλπιζον ἐς τὸ πείθεσθαι προσάξεσθαι τούτους. Forte—καὶ τῷ ἡμέρῳ, καὶ ἰσοτιμία-κ. τ. λ.