huc loquuntur Siculi et Neapolitani, mutato nomine.' P.103, 'si cupias' for 'si cupis.' Ib. redeam,' perhaps by an oversight for 'redibo.' P. 115, Quo vento'-would not a Roman writer have preferred advento,' vento illuc,' or some similar expression, instead of the simple vento'? Carm. 2. Cybeles.' Is this admissible?—9, -ministrum Rex Mandat protinus ad cubantis ædes, for mittit. 12, Quanta pernicies loquacis umbræ, Quanta vitibus Atticaque oliva, etc. a confusion of cases.-16, 'Recordatio erat severa,' the recollection was painful.-18, 'curiosus' for 'curious.'-20, (speaking of bookworms), qui trepidant suis referre Quali quisque manu librum exaravit, Non quid scripserit aut grave aut facetum. 28, Quum venerat mihi in mentem,' for 'venisset.' Ib. 'moniorum.'-33, Vivæ (uxori sc.), in funere, postque funus ipsum, Is not verus' for fidus' an Anglicism? The martyr of his crimes, but true to thee. (Campbell.) -34, 'gradiri' for 'gradi.'—48, Cur-me nec mittere nec sinis levare, The diphthong æ is likewise frequently substituted for œ; as in amanus, tragadia, &c. ON TWO PASSAGES IN VIRGIL'S GEORGICS. OBSERVING in No. 48. the Remarks of R. on two passages in Virgil's Georgics, and not coinciding exactly with the opinions of the writer in the first of his criticisms, I now send you my observations on the subject. His first observation is, that the verses from G. ii. 38, Tuque ades, &c. to the end of the passage, should be inserted between v. 7. and v. 8. I suppose he means rather between v. 8. and v. 9, for the former period is concluded at v. 8. He says, the poet first mentions generally his subject, then addresses Bacchus the founder of it; then proceeds to the didactic; and then on a sudden introduces a second address, &c. But it will be ascertained on examination, that Virgil is quite methodical in his work, and that the lines in their present disposition will be found to be placed in the most natural order. The poet first proposes his general subject in his exordium: then follows the invocation, where he solicits Bacchus to be present and favorable to his undertaking; he then, in exalted epic measure, (not didactic) proceeds to state the general scheme of his subject under the auspices of the god: and at v. 39, he addresses himself to his patron Mæcenas, still in epic measure, to assist him in his design; he then in an orderly manner proceeds to detail in didactic poetry the particular subject which he had before mentioned generally in what may be called his prospectus. Thus for instance his first general epic precept begins at Principio sponte sua, &c.-to this corresponds his first didactic particular precept, Sponte sua quæ, &c. v. 47. Another general precept is, Pars surgunt de semine; to this corresponds seminibus jactis; a third general precept is, pullulat ab radice; the corresponding particular one is, Quæ stirpibus exit ab imis; a fourth general is Sunt alii quos usus; and this is particularly exemplified by what relates to propagation by grafts, layers, inoculation, &c. The general distribution of the subject therefore follows the invocation to a deity; the particular one the address to a patronising friend. The other notice of transposition is ingenious, and perhaps would suit as well the new position in which it is placed, had not Virgil thought otherwise. Different passages often strike persons in different lights; but the genuine effort of criticism should be applied to find out the author's meaning, which must always be considered as a praiseworthy attempt. S. In DEMOSTHENEM Commentarii JOANNIS SEAGER, Bicknor Wallica in Com. Monumethia Rectoris. OLYNTH. i. p. 14. 1. 26. ed. Reisk. καὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς βοηθείας ταῦτα γινώσκω. περὶ δὲ χρημάτων πόρου, ἔστιν, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, χρήματα ὑμῖν, ἔστιν, ὅσα οὐδενὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων στρατιωτικά. ταῦτα δὲ ὑμεῖς οὕτως ὡς βούλεσθε λαμβάνετε. εἰ μὲν οὖν ταῦτα τοῖς στρατευομένοις ἀποδώσετε, οὐδενὸς ὑμῖν προσδεῖ πόρου. εἰ δὲ μὴ, προσδεῖ. μᾶλλον δ ̓ ἅπαντος ἐνδεῖ τοῦ πόρου. τί οὖν, ἄν τις εἴποι, σὺ γράφεις ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικά ; μὰ δί', οὐκ ἔγωγε. ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι στρατιώτας δεῖν κατασκευασθῆναι, καὶ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιω τικὰ, καὶ μίαν σύνταξιν εἶναι τὴν αὐτὴν, τοῦ τε λαμβάνειν καὶ τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰ δέοντα· ὑμεῖς δὲ οὕτω πως ἄνευ πραγμάτων ταῦτα λαμβάνετε εἰς τὰς ἑορτάς. χρήματα ista, de quibus sic caute agit orator, sunt τὰ θεωρικὰ, h. e. omnia reipublicæ vectigalia. Athenienses enim, initio sumto a duobus obolis, viritim olim spectaculorum causa erogatis, vectigalia omnia, a publicis usibus aversa, inter se dividebant; cum mortis pœna sanxissent, ne quis ad populum ferret, ut hac, more pristino restituto, in necessaria ad bellum insume rentur. 66 Inter se repugnare videntur— μὰ δι, οὐκ ἔγωγε (γράφω ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικὰ)” et " ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι δεῖν ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικά.” Reiskii interpretatio, si ita scripsisset Demosthenes, “ ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ΦΗΜΙ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικὰ, verbis ejus conveniret: cum “ ΗΓΟΥΜΑΙ ΔΕΙΝ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικά non satis congruit. Melius forsitan legatur, ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι στρατιώτας δεῖν κατασκευασθῆναι, καὶ ΜΗ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικά καὶ μίαν σύνταξιν κ. τ. λ. Non diserte, aperte, (formaliter, ut nunc loquimur) censeo, inquit Demosthenes, ut hæc fiant στρατιωτικά. Quod censeo, est, non tam debere hæc feri στρατιωτικά, quam eos, qui hæc accipiant, fieri debere στρατιώτας. ita et accipiant, ut nunc accipiunt, et simul officiis militaribus fungantur. Legi quoque posset, eodem fere sensu, στρατιώτας δεῖν κατασκευασθῆναι, ΟΙΣ ταῦτ ̓ εἶναι στρατιωτικά. Olynth. i. p. 15. 1. 11. οὔτε γὰρ, ὡς δοκεῖ, καὶ φήσειέ τις ἂν, μὴ σκοπῶν ἀκριβῶς, εὐτρεπῶς, οὐδ ̓ ὡς ἂν κάλλιστ ̓, αὐτῷ τὰ παρόντ ̓ ἔχει· (ἔχῃ Reisk. quod miror.) οὔτ ̓ ἂν ἐξήνεγκε τὸν πόλεμόν ποτε τοῦτον ἐκεῖνος, εἰ πολεμεῖν ᾠήθη δεήσειν αὐτὸν, ἀλλ ̓, ὡς ἐπιῶν, ἅπαντα τότε ἤλπιζε τὰ πράγματα ἀναιρήσεσθαι, κατα διέψευσται. τοῦτο δὴ πρῶτον αὐτὸν ταράττει παρὰ γνώμην γεγονὸς, καὶ πολλὴν ἀθυμίαν αὐτῷ παρέχει. Distinguendum videtur :εἰ πολεμεῖν ᾠήθη δεήσειν αὐτόν. ἀλλ' ὡς, ἐπιῶν, ἅπαντα τότε ἤλπιζε τὰ πράγματα ἀναιρήσεσθαι, κατα διέψευσται, τοῦτο δὴ πρῶτον αὐτὸν ταράττει, παρὰ γνώμην γεγονὸς, καὶ π. α. α. π. Olynth. iii. p. 28. 1.7. τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ τιμωρή σασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γινομένους. τὰ δὲ πράγματα εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα ὥστε ὅπως μὴ πεισώμεθα αὐτοὶ πρότερον κακῶς, σκέψασθαι δέον. Melius mihi videtur legere δεῖν quam subaudire εἶναι. Olynth. iii. p. 50. 1. 1. ἐψηφίσασθε τετταράκοντα τριήρεις καθέλ κειν, καὶ τοὺς μέχρι πέντε καὶ τετταράκοντα ἐτῶν αὐτοὺς ἐμβαίνειν, καὶ τάλαντα ἑξήκοντα εἰσφέρειν. καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα διελθόντος τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τούτου, ἑκατομβαιών, μεταγειτνιών, βοηδρομιών· τούτου τοῦ μηνὸς μόγις, μετὰ τὰ μυστήρια, δέκα ναῦς ἀπεστείλατε ἔχοντα Χαρί δημον κενας, καὶ πέντε τάλαντα ἀργυρίου. κενάς.] i. e. πολιτικῆς δυνάμεως κενάς. Nam cives Athenienses, quum Philippum vel ægrotum, vel mortuum audissent, periculo jam se defunctos rati, et propterea conscendere ipsi nolentes, naves Charidemo militibus alibi complendas tradiderunt. Olynth. iii. p. 33. 1. 28. ἀλλ', οἶμαι, μέγα τοῖς τοιούτοις ὑπάρ χει λόγοις ἡ παρ' ἑκάστου βούλησις. τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις] Interrogationibus scilicet an non, τοῖς θεωρικοῖς intactis, pecunia bello confici posset. Philipp. i. p. 40. 1. 10. πρῶτον μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἀθυμητέον, ὦ ἄνδρες *Αθηναῖοι, τοῖς παροῦσι πράγμασιν, οὐδ ̓ εἰ πάνυ φαύλως ἔχειν δοκεῖ. ὁ γάρ ἐστι χείριστον αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ παρεληλυθότος χρόνου, τοῦτο πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα βέλτιστον ὑπάρχει. τί οὖν ἐστὶ τοῦτο; ὅτι οὐδὲν, ὦ ἄνδρες ̓Αθηναῖοι, τῶν δεόντων ποιούντων ὑμῶν, κακῶς τὰ πράγματα ἔχει. ἐπείτοιγε, εἰ πάνθ ̓ ἁ προσῆκε πραττόντων οὕτως εἶχεν, οὐδ ̓ ἂν ἐλπὶς ἦν αὐτὰ βελτίω γενέσθαι. 66 Sequitur ratio omnium maxima ad faciendam spem; nempe ex erroribus temporis præteriti, et viarum adhuc tentatarum. Optima enim est ea reprehensio, quam de statu civili haud prudenter administrato quispiam his verbis complexus est :-Quod ad præteritum pessimum est, id ad futura optimum videri debet. Si enim vos omnia, quæ ad officium vestrum spectant, præstitissetis, neque tamen res vestræ in meliore loco essent, ne spes quidem ulla reliqua foret, eas in melius provehi posse. Sed cum rerum vestrarum status, non a vi ipsa rerum, sed ab erroribus vestris male se habeat; sperandum est, illis erroribus missis aut correctis, magnam rerum in melius mutationem fieri posse." Bacon. Nov. Organ. lib. i. Apl. 94. Argum. Orat. de Pace. p. 56. 1. 15. κατηγορῶν γὰρ ὁ ῥήτωρ Αἰσχίνου, καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτοῦ διαβάλλει, ὅτι συνεβούλευε Φίλιππον ἀμφικτύονα εἶναι ψηφίσασθαι, μηδενὸς ἄλλου τολμῶντος τοῦτο εἰσηγήσασθαι, μηδὲ Φιλοκράτους τοῦ πάντων ἀναιδεστάτου. Locus est, Περὶ Παραπρ. p. 375. 1. 16. ibid. 1. 22. ἀλλὰ δηλονότι τὴν ὑπόνοιαν ἔδεισε, μὴ δόξῃ φιλιππίζειν, καὶ χρήμασιν ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως πεισθεὶς τοιαύτην γνώμην ἀποφήνασθαι. His verbis ostendere vult Libanius cur orationem hanc De Pace non egerit Demosthenes. De Pace. p. 61. 1. 12.-καὶ γὰρ ἡμῖν (Atheniensibus) κακεί νοις (Thebanis) τοὺς βοηθήσοντας ἂν οἴομαι, εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν εἴ τις ἐμβάλοι, βοηθεῖν, οὐ συνεπιστρατεύσειν οὐδετέροις. καὶ γὰρ αἱ συμμαχίαι τοῦτον ἔχουσι τὸν τρόπον, ὧν καὶ φροντίσειεν ἄν τις, καὶ τὸ πράγμα φύσει τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν. οὐκ ἄχρι τῆς ἴσης ἕκαστος ἐστιν εὔνους οὔθ ̓ ἡμῖν οὔτε Θηβαίοις,* σῶς τε εἶναι καὶ κρατεῖν τῶν ἄλλων· ἀλλὰ σῶς μὲν εἶναι ἅπαντες ἂν βούλοιντο ἕνεκά γε ἑαυτῶν, κρατήσαντας δὲ τοὺς ἑτέρους δεσπότας ὑπάρχειν αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς. Ita legenti putandum erit ἄχρι τῆς ἴσης significare (quod tamen significare non potest) idem quod επίσης, h. e. Juxta, Pariter. ἄχρι τῆς ἴσης, est, Eousque dum pares simus. Lego igitur: οὐκ, ΕΙ ΜΗ ἄχρι τῆς ἴσης, ἕκαστός ἐστιν εὔνους οὔθ ̓ ἡμῖν οὔτε Θηβαίοις· ΟΥΔ' ΟΜΟΙΩΣ ΒΟΥΛΕΤΑΙ σῶς τε εἶναι καὶ κρατεῖν τῶν ἄλλων. Et nobis, et Thebanis, ita favet unusquisque, ut aqualitatis terminos nec nos nec illos migrare cupiat: neque salvos esse juxta vult atque in alios dominari. De Pace. p. 63. 1. 25. οὐκοῦν εὔηθες καὶ κομιδῇ σχέτλιον, πρὸς ἑκάστους καθ ̓ ἕνα οὑτωσὶ ἤδη προσενηνεγμένους περὶ τῶν οἰκείων καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτων, πρὸς ἅπαντας περὶ τῆς ἐν Δελφοῖς σκιᾶς νυνὶ πολεμῆ σαι. Sedem in Amphictyonum consessu umbram appellat Orator; rem contentione non dignam, cum ab eo tenenda esset, qui jam ante tantam potentiam consecutus fuisset. Atqui, hac umbra concessa, veterator ille Philippus auctoritatem viribus addere, legibusque et decretis scelerata consilia adjuvare, sperabat. De Halones. p. 86. 1. 24. Χεῤῥονήσου οἱ ὅροι εἰσιν οὐκ ἀγορὰ, ἀλλ ̓ ὁ βωμὸς τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὁρίου· ὅς ἐστι μεταξὺ Πτελεοῦ καὶ Λευκῆς ἀκτῆς, οὗ ἡ διωρυχὴ ἔμελλε Χεῤῥονήσου ἔσεσθαι, ὥς γε τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ τοῦ Διὸς τοῦ ὁρίου δηλοῖ. ἔστι δὲ τουτί· Τόνδε καθιδρύσαντο θεῷ περικαλλέα βωμὸν, σε ἀμμορία] Immortalitas : illa conditio, quæ μόρῳ, necessitate fatali occidendi, pereundi, caret,- pro auopía.' indice Græcit. Dem. Reiske. in Jovem immortalitatis pérov esse, quid ad argumentum hujus epigrammatis faciat, me non intelligere fateor. Legendum puto : ἁμορίης δὲ Αὐτὸς ἄναξ μακάρων ἐστὶ μέσος κρονίδης. αμορία est, Confinium.-Ara Jovis iuter Leucam et Pteleum posita, Jupiter ipse, per figuram, medium confinium tenere dicitur. De rebus Chersonesi. p. 96. 1. 20 οὐδὲν οὖν ἄλλο ποιοῦσιν οἱ |