lace with an universal hiss; but by the knights with loud applauses. From clamour and reproaches, the parties were proceeding to blows; when Cicero, informed of the tumult, hastened to the theatre, and calling the people out into the temple of Bellona, so tamed and stung them by the power of his words, and made them so ashamed of their folly and perverseness, that on their return to the theatre, they vied with the knights in testifying their respect for Otho. In this speech, which was published, he reproached the rioters for their want of taste and good sense, in making such a disturbance while Roscius was acting. This memorable instance of Cicero's command over men's passions, is supposed to be alluded to in that beautiful passage of Virgil, thus translated by Pitt:

"And when sedition fires th' ignoble crowd,
And the wild rabble storms and thirsts for blood;
Of stones and brands, a mingled tempest flies,
With all the sudden arms that rage supplies;
If some grave sire appears amidst the strife,
In morals strict, and innocence of life,
All stand attentive, while the sage controuls
Their wrath, and calms the tempest of their souls."

HORTENSIUS.

"The genius of Hortensius," says Cicero," like the statue of Phidias, had only to be seen in order to be admired."

For a long time he was the reigning orator in Rome, and was popularly styled the King of the Forum.

Hortensius was rendered, however, more remarkable

by one signal defeat, than by all his triumphs. He was employed as advocate for C. Verres, in the celebrated prosecution instituted against him for his conduct in the government of Sicily; but was so confounded by the admirable speech in which Cicero fulminated his charges of injustice, rapine, and cruelty, against the guilty orator, that he felt all his powers of speech taken from him, and threw up the case of his client without saying a word in his defence. Verres, equally confounded with his advocate, did not wait for sentence being pronounced, but instantly fled into exile, where he died some years afterwards, forgotten and deserted by all his friends.

HORTENSIA.

The daughter of Hortensius inherited the eloquence of her father; and when the Roman women were required to render on oath an account of their property, preparatory to a heavy tax, she pleaded the cause of her sex with such force, that the decree was annulled. The harangue which she delivered on this occasion before the triumvirs, Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus, was extant in the time of Quintillian, who speaks of it with great applause.

BOADICEA.

In the time of Nero, when the bondage of the Romans became so oppressive, that the Britons were determined to resist, Boadicea animated them to shake it off by an eloquent address, which she concluded in these words: "Let the Romans, who are

not better than hares and foxes, understand, that they make a wrong match with wolves and greyhounds.' As she said this, she let a hare out from her lap, as a token of the fearfulness of the Romans. The result of the battle, however, proved, that there was more wit than truth in the comparison.

FUNERAL ORATIONS.

"Vita enim mortuorum in memoria vivorum est posita."

CICERO.

The origin of the custom of pronouncing funeral orations over departed worth, is generally ascribed to Velerius Publicola. We are told by Plutarch, that Velerius having honoured the obsequies of his colleague with an eloquent discourse in praise of his many virtues, the Romans were so pleased with the novelty, that it became a regular custom ever afterwards to have the characters of their great men illustrated in a funeral oration by the most eloquent among their survivors.

The custom of the Romans has been continued among the Christians; and it is to be wished, that with the custom, we had also borrowed one of the

laws by which it was regulated. "It was part of the laws of burial," says Cicero, "that only honourable men should be honoured with funeral orations."

The shortest, and perhaps also the best funeral oration extant, is that pronounced by the Earl of Morton over the grave of the illustrious Scottish Reformer, John Knox. "Here lies he who never feared the face of man."

C

CRILLON---KING CLOVIS.

The brave Crillon attending on a Good Friday the public offices of devotion, was so affected by an eminent preacher's delineation of our Saviour's death and sufferings, that, laying his hand upon his sword, he cried out in a transport of generous, resentment, "Where art thou, Crillon?"

It would be idle to suspect Crillon of plagiarism in his honest anger, and mode of venting it. Yet his behaviour was merely a copy of that of King Clovis, on a similar occasion. "Had I been present at the head of my valiant Franks," exclaimed that monarch indignantly, "I would have redressed his wrongs!"

PETER THE HERMIT.

It is difficult to fix limits to human achievements, when superstition or enthusiasm is aided by the power of eloquence. The celebrated Peter the Hermit having made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, towards the close of the eleventh century, was deeply impressed with the oppression sustained by the Christians from the Turks, and resolved to make an effort to rouse the western nations to arms in their behalf. The appearance of Peter was mean, his stature small, his body meagre, and his countenance shrivelled; but with these disadvantages he had a keen and lively eye, and a ready eloquence. Being encouraged by Pope Urban II. he travelled as a missionary through the provinces of Italy and France. He rode on an ass; his head and feet were naked, and he bore a weighty crucifix. He

prayed frequently, fed on bread and water, gave away in alms all that he received, and by his saintly demeanour and fervid address, drew innumerable crowds of all ranks to listen to his preaching. When be painted the indignities offered to the true believers at the birth-place and sepulchre of the Saviour, every heart was melted to compassion, and animated to revenge. His success was such as might be expected from the rude enthusiasm and martial spirit of the age; and Peter soon collected an army of 60,000 followers, with which he proceeded towards Jerusalem.

POPE URBAN II.

Pope Urban II. finding a general ardour for the crusade against the Turks, proposed by Peter the Hermit on his return from Palestine in 1093, assembled a grand and numerous council at Placentia, and warmly recommended an expedition against the infidels. Soon after the proposal was renewed with success at the council of Clermont; at which were present, the papal court and council of Roman cardinals, thirteen archbishops, two hundred and twenty-five bishops, four hundred mitred prelates, four thousand ecclesiastics, and three hundred thousand laymen. In the market-place of Clermont, Pope Urban II. ascended a lofty scaffold, and addressed a well-prepared and impatient audience. Such was the success and power of his eloquence, that he was interrupted by the clamorous shouts of thousands, who with one voice exclaimed, Deus vult! Deus vult! God wills it! God wills it! "It is indeed the will of God," replied the Pope: " and let this memorable