Elements of Rhetoric

implies that the third and fourth generations, who suffer these judgments, are themselves such as hate the Lord, instead of being merely, as is meant to be expressed, the children of such; " of them that hate me," is a genitive governed not by "generation," but by "children" it should be read (according to Sheridan's marks)" visit the sins of the fathers' upon the children unto to the third and fourth generation of them that hate me :" i. e. visit the sins of the fathers who hate me, upon the the third and fourth generations of their descendants. The same sanction is given to an equally common fault in reading the fifth Commandment ; "that thy days may be long in the land' which the Lord thy God giveth thee:" the pause should evidently be at "long," not at "land." No one would say in ordinary conversation, "I hope you will find enjoyment in the garden'-which you have planted." He has also strangely omitted an emphasis on the word "covet," in the tenth Commandment. He has, however, in the negative or prohibitory commands avoided the common fault of accenting the word "not." And here it may be worth while to remark, that in some cases the Copula ought to be made the emphatic word; (i. e. the "is," if the proposition be affirmative, the "not," if negative ;) viz. where the proposition may be considered as in opposition to its contradictory,* If, e. g. it had been a question whether we ought to steal or not, the commandment, in answer to that, would have been rightly pronounced, "thou shalt not steal :" but the question being, what things we are forbidden to do, the answer is, that "to steal" is one of them, "thou shalt not steal." In such a case as this, the proposition is considered as opposed, not to its contradictory, but to one with a different Predicate: the question being, not, which Copula (negative or affirmative) shall be employed, but what shall be affirmed or denied of the subject: e. g. "it is lawful to beg; but not to steal:" in such a case, the Predicate, not the Copula, will be the emphatic word.

*Nor is this properly an exception to the above rule; for in such cases, that which is expressed as the Copula, is, in sense the Predicate; the question being in fact whether "true" or "false" shall be predicated of a certain assertion.

One fault worth noticing on accountof its commonness, is the placing of the emphasis on "neighbour" in the ninth and tenth commandments; as if there might be some persons precluded from the benefit of the prohibitions. One would think the man to whom our Lord addressed the parable of the good Samaritan, had been used to this mode of delivery, by his asking "and who is my neighhour?"

The usual pronunciation of one part of the "Apostles' Creed" is probably founded on some misapprehension of the sense of it*: "The holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints," is commonly read as if these were two distinct articles; instead of the latter clause being merely an explanation of the former: "The holy Catholic Church. [viz.] the Communion of Saints.

* See Sir Peter (afterwards Lord) King's History of the Apostles' Creed; a work much more valuable (in proportion to its size) than most that are studied by theologians.

INDEX

TO SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL WORDS.

ACTION, part iv. ch. iv. § 6.
Adversaries, (testimony of,)
p. i. ch. ii. § 4.
Analogy, p. i. ch. ii. § 6.
Antithesis, p. iii. ch. ii. § 14.
A priori, (argument,) p. i.
ch. ii. § 2.
Approach, (argument by,) p.
i. ch. ii. § 5.
Argument, (distinguished
from proposition,) p. i. ch.
i. § 3.

- satisfactory and com-
pulsory, p. i. ch. iii. § 1.
Arrangement, (of argu-
ments,) p. i. ch. iii. § 4.
of words, p. iii. ch.
i. § 3. and ch. ii. § 11.

Bashfulness, (in public
speaking,) p. iv. ch. iv. §

Belief, (coincident with dis-
belief,) p. i. ch. ii. § 4.
Burden of proof, p. i. ch. iii.
§ 2.

ii. § 3.
Composition, (fallacy of,) p.
i. ch. ii. § 4.
Conciseness, p. iii. ch. ii.
§ 7.

Conclusion, (when to come

first,) p. i. ch. iii. § 5.
Conscious (manner,) p. iv.
ch iv. § 2 p. 287, note.
Conviction, (distinguished
from Persuasion,) p. ii.
ch. i. § 1.
Credulity, (coincident with
Incredulity,) p. i. ch. ii.

§ 4.

Cause, (argument from,) p. Crowded (style,) p. iii. ch.

i. ch. ii. § 2.

ii. § 9.

Delivery, p. iv. ch. iv. § 1.
Direct (Argument,) p. i. ch.
ii. § i. and ch. iii. § 6.
Diversion of Feelings, p. ii.
ch. ii. § 6.
Dividing (a question,) p. i.
ch. iii. § 4.

Effect, (Argument from,) p.
i. ch. ii. § 3.
Elegance (of Style,) p. iii.
ch. iii. § 1, 2.
Emphasis, p. iv. ch. ii. § 2.
Energy (of Style,) p. iii. ch.
ii. § 1, &c.
Epithets, p. iii. ch. ii. § 4.
Example, p. i. ch. ii. 6.
(corresponding to a
geometrical) diagram, p.
i. ch. ii. Q 7.
Exercises, Introd. § 5.
Experience, (Argument
from) p. i. ch. ii. § 6.
-Authority derived
from, p. ii. ch. iii. § 5.

Fact, (matters of,) p. i. ch.
ii. § 4. and ch. iii. § 3.
Feelings, (apt to fall short of
what the occasion calls
for,) p. ii. ch. i. § 2.
Fine delivery, p. iv. ch. iii.
§ 4.

Gender, p. iii. ch. ii. § 2.
General terms, p. iii. ch. ii.
§ 1.
Good-will, (essential to the
Speaker's character,) p. ii.
ch. iii. § 3.
Illustration, p. i. ch. ii. §.7.
and ch. iii. § 3.
Imagination, p. ii. ch. ii. § 2.

Imitation, p. iii. ch. ii. §5.
Inconsistency, p. ii. ch. iii
§ 5.
Indirect (Arguments), p. i.
ch. ii. § 1. and ch. iii. § 7.
Induction, p. i ch. ii. § 6.
Instruction (distinguished
from Conviction strictly
so called), p. i. ch. i. § 1.
Integrity (of the speaker's
chracter), p. ii. ch. iii. § 3.
Interrogation, p. iii. ch. ii.
§15.
Ironical form, p. i. ch. iii.
§ 7.

Loose sentences, p. iii. ch.
ii. § 12.

Metaphor, p. iii. ch. ii. § 3.
Metonomy, p. iii. ch. ii. § 3.

Natural delivery, p. iv. ch.
ii. iii. &c.
Number of words, (energy
dependent on,) p. iii. ch.
ii. § 7.

Objections, p. i. ch. iii. § 7.
Opinion (see Fact.)
Oratory, (spurious,) p. iii.
ch. i. § 4, 5, 6.

Paley, (Hora Paulinæ,) p. i.
ch. ii. § 4. and p. i. ch. iii.
§ 1.
Paradox. p. i. ch. iii. § 2.
Parity of reasoning, p. i. ch.
ii. § 6.
Party-Spirit, p. ii. ch. iii.
§ 3.
Passions, p. ii. ch. i. § 3.

Periods, p. iii. ch. ii. § 12.
Personification, p. iii. ch ii.
§ 3.

Perspicuity, p. iii. ch. i. §2.

&c.

Persuasion, (analysis of,) p.
ii. ch. i. § 1.
Plain, (ambiguity of the
word,) p. iii. ch. i. § 3.
Plausible, p. i. ch. ii. § 2.
Poetry, (charateristic of) p.
iii. ch. iii § 3.
Practice (in composition,)
Introd. § 5.
Presumptions, p. i. ch. iii.
§ 2.
Prolixity p. iii. ch. i. § 2.
and ch. ii. § 7.
Proper terms, p. iii. ch. ii.
§ 1.
Propositions, (to find,) part
i. ch. i. § 3.

Reading, p. iv. ch. i. § 3.
and ch. iii. § 1.
Recapitulation, p. i. ch. iii.
§ 9.
Recitation, p. iv. ch. iv.
§ 2.
Refutation, p. i. ch. iii. § 7.
too forcible, § 8.
Repetition, (conducive to
perspicuity,) p. iii. ch. i.
§ 2.
Rhetoric, (why in greater
repute among the An-
cients,) Introd. § 3, 4.
Rhetorician (art of, practi-

sed by a wise man on
himself,) p. ii. ch. i. § 2.

Sermons, (common-place,)
p. iii. ch. 3. § 2.
Sequence, (physical and lo-
gical,) p. i. ch. ii. § 3.
Sign, p. i. ch. ii. § 3.
Simile, p. iii. ch. ii. § 3.
Sound, (imitative,) p. iii
ch. ii. § 5.
Speaking,

(distinguished
from Reading,) p. iv. ch.
i. § 3. and ch. iii. § 1.
Subjects, (for learners,) In-
trod. § 5.

Substantives, (excessive use
of,) p. iii. ch. ii § 9.
Suggestive (Style,) p. iii.
ch. ii. § 8.

Sympathy, (reflex,) p. iv.
ch. iii. § 8.

Tautology, p. iii. ch. ii. §8.
Technical terms, p. iii. ch.
ii. § 6.

Testimony, p. i ch. ii. § 4.
Theological Style p. iii. ch.
ii. § 6.

Tone, p. iv. ch. i. § 3, note,
and ch. ii. § 2.
Tradition, p. i.ch. iii. § 2.
Tropes, p. iii ch. ii. § 2.

Verbosity, p. iii. ch. ii. § 8.

Waiving (a question,) p.
ch. iii. § 4.

THE END.

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Elements of Rhetoric: Comprising an Analysis of the Laws of Moral Evidence ...