house worthy of Nüremberg, and such as we shall never see again in London, with high roofs and balustraded wooden galleries supported upon stone pillars. A worn faded picture of the Canterbury Pilgrimage hung from the gallery in front of "the Pilgrim's Room." The front towards the street was comparatively modern, having perished in the fire of 1676, after which, says Aubrey, "the

ignorant landlord or tenant, instead of the ancient sign of the Tabard, put up the Talbot or Dog." The ancient sign of the Tabard, says Stow, is "a jacket or sleeveless coat, whole before, open on both sides, with a square collar, winged at the shoulders; a stately garment of old time, commonly worn by noblemen and others, both at home and abroad in the wars, but then (to wit, in the wars) their

arms embroidered, or otherwise depict upon them, that every man by his coat of arms might be known from others."

There was such a completely old-world character in the courtyard of the Tabard that, though Chaucer certainly never saw the inn which has been lately destroyed,* those who visited it in 1873, imbued with the poem, would feel that the balustraded galleries, with the little rooms opening

out of them, and the bustling courtyard filled with waggons and wares, represented at least the ghost of the Gothic inn, built by the Abbot of Hyde in 1300 on the same site. They would share the sensation of Dryden, who wrote, "I see all the Pilgrims in the Canterbury Tales, their humours, their features, and their very dress, as distinctly as if I had

* The original inn was standing in 1602.

supped with them at the Tabard in Southwark," and would picture the meeting which the poet describes

"Befel, that in that season, on a day

In Southwark at the Tabard as I lay,
Ready to wenden on my pilgrimage,
To Canterbury with devout courage,
At night was come into that hostelry
Well nine and twenty in a company
Of sundry folk, by adventure yfall

In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all,
That toward Canterbury woulden ride.”

On the left, between King Street and Mermaid Court, was the prison of the Marshalsea-used for persons guilty of offences on the high seas or within the precincts of the court. The Marshal of this prison was seized and beheaded by the rebels under Wat Tyler in 1381. Bonner, Bishop of London, was imprisoned for ten years in the Marshalsea for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to Elizabeth, and died there Sept. 5, 1569. His repartee as he was being led to prison is recorded: "Good-morning, Bishop quondam," said a wag. "Farewell, knave semper," replied Bonner. At the instigation (as he asserted) of Horne, Bishop of Winchester, the mob gathered round him as he went and returned from the prison to the court. One said to him, "The Lord confound thee, or else turn thy heart." "The Lord," he replied, "send thee to keep thy breath to cook thy porridge." To another, saying "The Lord overthrow thee," he said, "The Lord make thee wise as a woodcock." A woman kneeled down and said, "The Lord save thy life. I trust to see thee Bishop of London again." To which he said, "Gad a mercy, good wife," and so passed on to his lodging.*

George Wither the poet, who had been a general in Cromwell's army, was imprisoned at the Restoration in the Marshalsea for having written the satire "Abuses stript and whipt," and while here wrote his best poem, "The Shepheard's Hunting." He was released some years before his death. Dickens, in the Preface to "Little Dorrit," describes his search for relics of the Marshalsea

"I found the outer front courtyard metamorphosed into a buttershop; and then I almost gave up every brick of the jail for lost. Wandering, however, down a certain Angel Court,* leading to Bermondsey, I came to Marshalsea Place, the houses in which I recognised, not only as the great block of the former prison, but as preserving the rooms that arose to my mind's eyes when I became Little Dorrit's biographer... Whoever goes into Marshalsea Place, turning out of Angel Court, leading to Bermondsey, will find his feet on the very paving-stones of the extinct Marshalsea jail; will see its narrow yard to the right and to the left, very little altered if at all, except that the walls were lowered when the place got free; will look upon the rooms in which the debtors lived; and will stand among the crowding ghosts of many miserable years."

Connected with the prison was the Marshalsea Courtthe seat (siége) of the Marshal of the King's Household "to decide differences and to punish criminals within the royal palace, or on the verge thereof, which extended to twelve miles around it." This court was united with that of Queen's Bench in 1842.

St. George's Church, Southwark, was built by John Price (1733-36) upon the site of an old church where General Monk was married to Anne Clarges, and where Bonner, the bloody bishop of London, who died in the Marshalsea, and Rushworth, author of the "Collections,' who died in the King's Bench Prison, were buried. Opposite the church

* Angel Court is now Angel Place. It is close to St. George's Church.

was a palace of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married Mary, daughter of Henry VII. A Quakers' Meeting House in St. George's, Southwark, is connected with the story of the Quaker persecution in the reign of Charles II. It is here that George Fox, the Founder of the Society, was attacked by soldiers with their muskets while he was preaching; and here that, when (1682) a justice of the peace commanded him in the King's name to come down, he replied, "I proceed, for I am commanded by a higher, the King of Kings."

Southwark Town Hall stands on the site of St. Margaret's Church, and on the open space in front-"St. Margaret's Hill" the famous fair was held which was granted by Edward VI., and was annually opened on Sept. 7 by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs riding in procession. Southwark Fair, which was suppressed in 1763, is commemorated by Hogarth.

To the west of High Street, in Park Street, Southwark, is the great Brewery of Barclay, Perkins & Co., founded by Henry Thrale, the friend of Dr. Johnson, who was his executor and sold the business to Messrs. Barclay and Perkins for £135,000. "We are not here," said Johnson, on the day of the sale, "to sell a parcel of boilers and vats, but the potentiality of growing rich beyond the dreams of avarice." Thrale's Brewery was built on the site of the oldest Independent or Congregational church in England, founded in 1616 by Henry Jacob, who migrated to Virginia in 1624. During the Long Parliament the Meeting House ventured to open its doors (January 18, 1640-1), the congregation having hitherto been "shifting from place to place."