Scientific Method: An Historical and Philosophical IntroductionPsychology Press, 1997 - 276 עמודים The central theme running throughout this outstanding new survey is the nature of the philosophical debate created by modern science's foundation in experimental and mathematical method. More recently, recognition that reasoning in science is probabilistic generated intense debate about whether and how it should be constrained so as to ensure the practical certainty of the conclusions drawn. These debates brought to light issues of a philosophical nature which form the core of many scientific controversies today. Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction presents these debates through clear and comparative discussion of key figures in the history of science. Key chapters critically discuss * Galileo's demonstrative method, Bacon's inductive method, and Newton's rules of reasoning * the rise of probabilistic `Bayesian' methods in the eighteenth century * the method of hypotheses through the work of Herschel, Mill and Whewell * the conventionalist views of Poincaré and Duhem * the inductivism of Peirce, Russell and Keynes * Popper's falsification compared with Reichenbach's enumerative induction * Carnap's scientific method as Bayesian reasoning The debates are brought up to date in the final chapters by considering the ways in which ideas about method in the physical and biological sciences have affected thinking about method in the social sciences. This debate is analyzed through the ideas of key theorists such as Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend. |
תוכן
New methods for a new science | 21 |
Why experiments matter | 40 |
Rules for reasoning scientifically | 63 |
Probability and scientific | 83 |
Conventions | 130 |
Probabilities as frequencies | 152 |
Probability logic | 170 |
The in dispensability | 189 |
274 | |
מהדורות אחרות - הצג הכל
Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction <span dir=ltr>Barry Gower</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2012 |
Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction <span dir=ltr>Barry Gower</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 1997 |
Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction <span dir=ltr>Barry Gower</span> תצוגה מקדימה מוגבלת - 2012 |
מונחים וביטויים נפוצים
accept account of scientific assumptions Bacon Bayes Bayes's theorem Bernoulli Cambridge Carnap cause century characteristic claim concept concerned conclusion consequences consider deductive degree of certainty degree of confirmation degrees of belief Descartes Duhem effect enable enquiry enumerative induction equipossible example experimental evidence experimental histories experiments explain facts false form nature Galileo generalisation geometry Herschel hypothesis hypothetical reasoning ideas identify inductive logic inductive reasoning inference inverse investigation Jakob Bernoulli judgements justify Keynes Leibniz mathematical motion natural philosophy Newton objects observed Opticks Peirce perimental phenomena phenomenal nature Philosophy of Science physical Poincaré Popper positive instances possible practical prediction premisses principles prior probability probabilistic reasoning probable argument probable reasoning question rational Reichenbach relative frequency relevant reliable result role rule scepticism scientific knowledge scientific law scientific method scientists sense statements suppose theory thought true truth understanding University Press verified Whewell William Whewell yield