Modern Arabic Literature: A Functional Dynamic Model

19th century Abū according activities adab adaptations adults Aḥmad al-'Arabi al-Adab ammiyya appear Arab world Arabic literary system Arabic poetry aspects attempt attention attitude Badawi become Beirut Cairo canonical children's literature circles classical collections concepts considered contemporary critics culture Dār dealing define drama East edition Egypt Egyptian elements especially example exists factors field function fușḥā genres given Greek historical illustrated important includes influence intellectuals interactions introduction Islamic Islamist literature issue Journal language literary texts mainly major means mentioned Michigan Middle modern Arabic literature Muḥammad Muslim noncanonical novel original period Persian plays poems poetic poets political popular present Press production published refer regard relationships scholarly scholars short story Snir social society Somekh status Tel Aviv University theatre traditional translation University various vernacular West Western writers written zajal